种植模式对冀西北坝上土壤活性有机质和碳库管理指数的影响  

Effects of Planting Patterns on Active Soil Organic Matter and Carbon Pool Management Index in Bashang Area of Northwest Hebei Province

作　　者：乔赵崇 王炯琪 赵海超[1,2] 李璠 黄智鸿 赵海香[1] 魏东 QIAO Zhaochong;WANG Jiongqi;ZHAO Haichao;LI Fan;HUANG Zhihong;ZHAO Haixiang;WEI Dong(Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Analysis and Detection of Agricultural Products in Hebei Province,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院,河北张家口075000 [2]河北省农产品食品质量安全分析检测重点实验室,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第6期1139-1146,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河北省教育厅重大项目(ZD2019097);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(玉米体系岗位专家)(HBCQY018020203);国家重点研发计划:粮食丰产增效科技创新项目(2017YFD0300305);河北北方学院博士基金项目(12995543)。

摘　　要：冀西北坝上地区是京津冀重要的生态源保护区域,土壤碳库是反映其生态功能的重要指标,农田种植模式是影响土壤碳库的主要人为因素。为了研究冀西北坝上沙化农田土壤有机质组分特征及增碳种植模式,以草地为参照,选择有机无机配施充分灌溉保护性栽培种植模式——大棚蔬菜田(DS)、有机无机配施充分灌溉种植模式——露地蔬菜田(LS)、大量施用化肥充分灌溉种植模式——马铃薯田(MT)、少量施用化肥雨养种植模式——青贮玉米田(QY)、不施肥雨养种植模式——燕麦田(YT)和多年人工林地(RL)等多种不同种植模式,采集0—20 cm土壤,分析土壤活性有机质(ASOM)和碳库管理指数(CPMI)。结果表明:不同种植模式下土壤有机质(SOM)含量在8.97—31.97 g·kg^−1之间,ASOM在7.63—13.44 g·kg^−1之间,其中DS显著高于草地,QY、YT和RL均显著低于草地;在土壤活性有机质的组分特征中,土壤非活性有机质(NLOM)占比最高,其次为低活性有机质(L-LOM);土壤ASOM的CPMI在64.78—184.02之间,ASOM与SOM、微生物量碳(MBC)、pH均呈极显著正相关,CPMI与总氮(TN)、pH及无机磷(IP)呈显著性负相关。有机无机配施充分灌溉保护性栽培种植模式能提高沙壤土SOM和ASOM含量降低CPMI,少量施用化肥或不施肥的雨养种植模式会降低沙壤土SOM和ASOM含量增加CPMI,不利于沙壤土保水保肥。为增强冀西北坝上地区农田保水保肥能力,应增施有机肥,提高水分管理,部分农田可建造保护性栽培设施,种植归还率较高作物,以减缓土壤退化且保障土壤的有效利用。Bashang Area of the Northwest Hebei Province is an essential ecological source protection area in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province. Soil carbon pool is a key index reflecting its ecological function, and farmland planting pattern constitutes the major artificial factor affecting soil carbon pool. The present study was carried out to explore the characteristics of active soil organic matter(ASOM) and the planting pattern of carbon pickup in Bashang sandy farmland in Northwest Hebei Province. By taking grasslands as a benchmark reference, a variety of different planting patterns listed as follows were selected to collect soils from the surface layer(0–20 cm) to analyze ASOM and carbon pool management index(CPMI). The abovementioned planting patterns include greenhouse vegetable field(DS) planted using the protective cultivation planting mode of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer with sufficient irrigation;open-field vegetable field(LS) planted using the planting mode of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer with sufficient irrigation;potato field(MT) cultivated using the planting mode of a large amount of chemical fertilizer with sufficient irrigation;silage corn field(QY) planted using rainfed planting pattern with small amount of chemical fertilizer;oat field(YT) cultivated using a rainfed planting pattern without fertilization, and lastly, a perennial artificial forest(RL). Corresponding results showed that the content of soil organic matter(SOM) and ASOM respectively ranged between 8.97–31.97 g·kg-1 and 7.63–13.44 g·kg-1. Moreover, DS showed significantly higher values than grassland, while QY, YT, and RL were obviously lower than grassland. Furthermore, in the component characteristics of ASOM, the proportion of non-labile organic matter(N-LOM) was the highest, followed by low-labile organic matter(L-LOM). Meanwhile, the CPMI of ASOM ranged from 64.78 to 184.02. ASOM showed extremely significant positive correlations with SOM, microbial biomass carbon(MBC), and p H, while CPMI was negatively

关 键 词：种植模式 土壤活性有机质 碳库管理指数 土壤 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]