单价脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗免疫原性研究和应用进展  

Immunogenicity and applications of monovalent oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine:a literature review

作　　者：马汝飞 赵婷[1] 李菁[1] 杨净思 Ma Rufei;Zhao Ting;Li Jing;Yang Jingsi(Institute of Medical Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Kunming 650000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2020年第3期339-343,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项课题(2015ZX09101031)。

摘　　要：口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(Oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine,OPV)在全球消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)行动中发挥了重要作用,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型脊灰野病毒(Wild poliovirus,WPV)分别于2015年和2019年在全球宣布被消灭。为了根除WPV病例、疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(Vaccine-derived poliovirus,VDPV)病例,发展中国家包括中国已停止使用三价OPV,改用脊灰灭活疫苗(Inactivated poliovirus vaccine,IPV)和二价OPV序贯免疫。由于中国仍存在较高的WPV输入和VDPV循环的风险,单价OPV(Monovalent OPV,mOPV)储备对于应对输入性WPV疫情、VDPV循环和迅速提高人群脊灰免疫力具有重要意义。本文综述了mOPV的免疫原性及其在应急补充接种活动中的优势。Oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine(OPV)has played an important role in the global polio eradication initiative.Type II and III wild polioviruses were eradicated globally in 2015 and 2019.To eradicate all WPVs,prevent vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis,and eradicate vaccine-derived polioviruses(VDPV),developing countries including China have switched from using trivalent OPV vaccine to sequential vaccination with inactivated poliovirus vaccine(IPV)and bivalent OPV.Given the high risk of WPV importation and circulating VDPVs in China,a strategic reserve of monovalent OPV(mOPV)is important for response to imported WPVs and circulating VDPVs,and for rapidly improving herd immunity against polio.In this article,we review the immunogenicity of mOPV and advantages of mOPV used in emergency supplementary immunization activities.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 单价口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗 免疫原性 疫苗储备 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]