由心至身:社会比较与中国居民健康  

From Mental to Physical:Social Comparison and Chinese Residents’ Health

作　　者：池上新 CHI Shang-xin(Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;School of Law,Shenzhen Unitersity,Shenzhen 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732 [2]深圳大学法学院,深圳518060

出　　处：《人口与发展》2020年第4期26-34,共9页Population and Development

基　　金：深圳市哲学社会科学“十三五”规划课题(SZ2019B003);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2019M650950)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：居民身心健康的社会影响因素是近年来兴起的研究热点。从社会比较理论出发,以CGSS2011调查数据为基础,考察了社会比较倾向对中国居民身心健康的影响、作用路径,以及不同阶层之间的差异。研究发现:第一,社会比较倾向不利于居民的身心健康,这可能是由向上比较的对比效应以及向下比较的同化效应共同造成的;第二,社会比较倾向通过心理健康进而影响生理健康,是一个"由心至身"的过程;第三,社会比较倾向对健康的负效应并不存在阶层差异,各阶层均存在一定程度的社会比较。由此可见,提高居民的健康水平,需要引导各个阶层的居民树立正确的价值观取向,适当降低社会比较倾向以及进行合理的社会比较。The social factors affecting residents’ physical and mental health are emerging research subjects in recent years.From the perspective of social comparison theory and based on the research data of CGSS2011,this paper analyzes social comparison orientation’s influence on Chinese residents’ physical and mental health,the effect path and the differences between different classes.The research finds that first,social comparison orientation goes against residents’ physical and mental health which may be caused by the contrast effect of upward comparisons as well as the assimilation effect of downward comparisons;second,affecting physical health through mental conditions,social comparison is a "mental to physical" process;third,there are no differences between different classes in terms of social comparison’s negative effect on health and social comparisons of certain degree exist in all classes.Thus to improve residents’ health conditions,we should guide people of all classes to set right values and reduce social comparison orientation properly and make reasonable social comparison.

关 键 词：社会比较倾向 生理健康 心理健康 社会阶层 对比效应 同化效应 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]