“新文化史”的方法、书写策略及其限度——论达恩顿《屠猫狂欢》  

Methods,Strategies and Limits of the New Cultural History--A Review of Robert Darnton's The Great Cat Massacre

作　　者：刘祎家 Liu Yijia(Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系

出　　处：《写作》2020年第3期27-32,共6页Writing

摘　　要："新文化史"是一套新颖的学术方法和视野,它融合历史学和人类学的学科特点,注重对历史材料进行"深描"和"诠释",将历史"文本化",以勾勒出往往为"大历史"所忽略的"平常人"的"小叙事"。罗伯特·达恩顿的《屠猫狂欢:法国文化史钩沉》,便是此种学术方法的示范之作。尤为特别的是,达恩顿更注重通过"深描"和"诠释"那些往往为正统宏观史学所忽略的人类日常生活材料,勾勒出一条历史中的"平常人"生动活泼的"心态史"轨迹,以揭示特定历史时期"寻常人的心态世界",这给文学研究带来很大的启发。但无论是学术方法上过多择取历史的"边角料",通过"阐释"来建立一套历史叙述,还是过于注重文本化的材料中人类心灵的幽微心态,而多少反制历史的"大观念"和总体性的历史判断,在给人理论上的新鲜感的同时,也会因其自身的建构性而选择性地忽略历史的客观真实的部分。The methodology of the New Cultural History like thick description,interpretation,as well as to make the vivid history a TEXT combines the characteristics both of traditional history studies and anthropology.These strategies make great effort to describe a"small narrative"of the life of ordinary people which"the grand history"always ignore.As one of the classics of the New Cultural History,Robert Darnton’s The Great Cat Massacre shows how the author finds,organizes and reveals the mentalities of ordinary people,which gives great inspiration to the field of literature studies.However,all these methods and concerns do have their limits.By making a thick description and interpretation to those"texts",Robert Darnton does build a self-consistent narrative in order to make a different judgment from"the great idea"of history,which makes his theory a fresh and creative one,but also leads to some hidden parts of the real history.

关 键 词：“新文化史” “文本化” “心态史” “深描” “诠释” 

分 类 号：H315[语言文字—英语]