雅砻江流域水电站水足迹计算及分析  

Calculation and analysis of water footprint of hydropower stations in Yalong River Basin

作　　者：俞雷 贾本有[1] 吴时强[1] 吴修锋[1] 徐鹏 魏金俐 YU Lei;JIA Benyou;WU Shiqiang;WU Xiufeng;XU Peng;WEI Jinli(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [3]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水利水运工程学报》2020年第4期41-47,共7页Hydro-Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC0404605);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51709178)。

摘　　要：为量化水电开发利用对当地水资源消耗情况,引入水电站水足迹概念,以雅砻江流域梯级水电站群为研究对象,采用总水量消耗法,利用多年实测资料,考虑3种空间系统边界(一库一级、一库多级和流域整体),计算了干流7座水电站的水足迹。结果表明:(1)雅砻江流域7座水电站的水足迹范围为0.01-2.91 m^3/GJ,平均水足迹为1.13 m^3/GJ,小于其他空间尺度研究的水足迹,表明雅砻江流域水电开发利用的水资源利用效率高于其他地区和流域;(2)水电站水足迹主要受能效因子(单位装机容量的库区水面面积)和地形因子(库区水面面积与库区平均水深比)影响(相关指数分别为0.950 7和0.783 1),而蒸发深度和气象因子(降雨量和气温)对水电站水足迹值的影响较小;(3)水电站水足迹值与空间系统边界的设定有关,需根据水电站实际运行方式选择合适的空间系统边界。In order to quantify the effect of hydropower development and utilization for local water resources, this paper introduces the concept of water footprint, taking the cascade reservoirs in the Yalong River Basin as the research object,selecting the total water consumption method, using the measured data for many years, and considering three system space boundaries to calculate the water footprint of seven hydropower stations. The results show that the water footprint of the seven hydropower stations in the Yalong River Basin ranges from 0.01 to 2.91 m^3/GJ and the average water footprint is 1.13 m^3/GJ, which is smaller than other water footprints of global and national spatial scales. It also means that the utilization efficiency of water resources of hydropower development and utilization in the basin is higher than that of other regions and river basins. The water footprint of the hydropower station is mainly affected by the energy efficiency factor(water surface area of the reservoir area per unit installed capacity) and the topographic factor(the water surface area of the reservoir area and the average water depth ratio of the reservoir area), and the correlation indexes are 0.950 7 and 0.783 1, respectively. However, the evaporation depth and meteorological factors(rainfall and temperature) have less impact on the water footprint of hydropower stations. The water footprint of the hydropower station is related to the setting of the boundary of the space system. It is necessary to select the appropriate space system boundary according to the actual operation of the hydropower station.

关 键 词：水资源利用 水电站水足迹 总水量消耗法 影响因子 空间系统边界 雅砻江流域 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]