高级人力资本扩张与制造业出口产品质量升级  

High Human Capital Accumulation and Manufacturing Export Products Quality Upgrading

作　　者：程锐 马莉莉[2] CHENG Rui;MA Lili

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学经济学院,233030 [2]西北大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2020年第8期36-51,共16页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学重点项目“‘一带一路’沿线价值链变革与区域产业转型”(16ZAD010);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“丝绸之路经济带战略背景下西部地区开发开放新体制研究”(16JJD790047)。

摘　　要：本文以中国高校扩招政策为准自然实验,采用双重差分方法考察高级人力资本扩张对制造业出口产品质量升级的影响。研究结果表明:1999年高校扩招引起的高级人力资本扩张显著促进了中国制造业出口产品质量升级,该结论经过一系列的检验之后依然稳健;高级人力资本扩张对制造业出口产品质量升级的影响存在时空异质性和行业异质性;高级人力资本扩张对出口到高收入经济体和具有共同文化背景经济体的产品质量升级的促进作用更大;2005年汇率改革之后,高级人力资本扩张对制造业出口产品质量升级的促进作用进一步增大;随着行业劳动生产率、资本密集度和市场竞争程度的提高,高级人力资本扩张的影响逐渐由抑制转向显著促进;随着间接融资程度和政府控制程度的提高,高级人力资本扩张的提升作用逐渐降低并最终消失;高级人力资本扩张具有通过强化产业内分工而促进制造业出口产品质量升级的作用。Enhancing the quality of manufacturing export products is an important part of achieving high-quality manufacturing and trade power.This paper took the policy of"higher education expansion"as the quasi-natural experiment,and used the difference-indifference method to investigate the impact of human capital expansion on the quality upgrade of manufacturing export products.The results show that the expansion of high human capital significantly promotes the upgrading of the quality of export products in manufacturing,and this result is robust.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that compared with non-highincome economies,human capital expansion has a greater effect on improving the quality of products exported to high-income economies;compared with non-common culture,human capital expansion has a greater effect on improving the quality of products in common culture;after the exchange reform,the effect of the expansion of human capital is greater;with the increase in labor productivity,capital intensity and market competition,the impact of human capital expansion is gradually promoted;but with the increase in indirect financing and government control,the promotion of human capital expansion gradually declines and eventually disappears.The mediation effect test shows that human capital expansion can promote the quality upgrade of export products by strengthening intra-industry specialization.

关 键 词：高级人力资本 高校扩招 出口产品质量 产业内分工 

分 类 号：F746􀆰[经济管理—国际贸易]