云南澜沧江流域居民区蚊类大尺度空间生态位特征  

LARGE-SCALE SPATIAL NICHE CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSQUITOES IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF LANCANG RIVER BASIN, YUNNAN PROVINCE

作　　者：龚正达[1,2] 周红宁[1] 岳仁苹 葛军旗[4] 王海波 张丽云[2] 许翔 李春敏[1] GONG Zheng-Da;ZHOU Hong-Ning;YUE Ren-Ping;GE Jun-Qi;WANG Hai-Bo;ZHANG Li-Yun;XU Xiang;LI Chun-Min(Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention,Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and ResearchPuer 665099,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Institute of Public Health,Dali University,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省寄生虫病防治所,云南省虫媒病毒研究中心,云南省虫媒传染病防控重点实验室,云南普洱665099 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [3]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理67100 [4]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心,北京100121

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2020年第2期86-100,共15页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30860250,30660160)。

摘　　要：为了解我国西南山地居民区蚊类大尺度空间生态位特征,本研究以云南省西部澜沧江流域为研究的空间范围和尺度,居民区夜间吸血活动的蚊类为对象,对该流域21°~30°N之间9个纬度梯度带和海拔500~3500 m之间6个海拔梯度带的居民区应用灯诱法进行了调查取样、分类鉴定和统计分析。结果显示:(1)共捕获蚊类7属46种180099只。其中,三带喙库蚊多度为77.87,是数量上的优势种;中华按蚊多度为10.16,为次优势种;迷走按蚊、棕头库蚊和骚扰阿蚊的多度为分别5.24、1.83和1.01,是本区域的常见种类;其余蚊种多度为均小于1.00,数量相对较少或很少。(2)沿纬度和海拔梯度分布的46种蚊虫中:三带喙库蚊是物种多度和生态幅最大、生态位宽度指数最高(生态位宽度指数为2.109和1.189)的物种;其次,中华按蚊的物种多度和生态幅较大,生态位宽度指数亦较高(为1.571和0.848);其他物种如致倦库蚊和骚扰阿蚊的物种多度和生态幅也较大,其生态位宽度指数(分别为0.964、0.811和0.814、0.403)相对较高。而余下的多数蚊种由于在纬度、海拔梯度上物种多度较低、生态幅较窄,其空间生态位宽度都相对较低或很低。他们反映了澜沧江流域蚊类物种的多度、生态幅度与生态位宽度指数的大小都有一定关系,也说明在宏域环境空间下物种多度、生态幅和生态位宽度越大的物种,具有更强的地理空间资源利用和环境适应的能力。(3)在澜沧江流域46种蚊虫中,占84.78%蚊种沿纬度梯度的生态位宽度指数都明显大于沿海拔梯度的生态位宽度指数,反之,仅15.22%蚊种等于或小于海拔生态位宽度指数。他们总体反映了物种在纬度维度上的生态位宽度通常大于海拔维度上的生态位宽度的特征。(4)在纬度和海拔梯度上,物种间生态位完全重叠的物种占总数3.00%和3.29%;完全不重叠的占总数22.22%和21.55%。在0.001~1.00重叠值�A large scale spatial niche characteristics of mosquitoes were surveyed in 9 latitudinal gradient zones(21°-30°N)and 6 altitudinal gradient zones(500-3500 m)from Mountainous Residential Areas along the Lancang River Basin of Southwest China.The mosquitoes were sampled with light trapping method and identified with published taxonomy keys.A total of 180099 mosquitoes belonging to 46 species and 7 genera were captured.Among them,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus is the dominant species with species abundance of 77.87,followed by An.sinensis,10.16.The species abundance of common species An.vagus,Cx.fuscocephala and Ar.subalbatus were 5.24,1.83 and 1.01 respectively.The rest mosquito species less than 1.00 along with some appear rarely.Among 46 mosquito species sampled along latitude and elevation gradients,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus is shown with the highest species abundance(SA),ecological amplitude(EA)and niche breadth index(NBI)(NBI-latitude 2.109 and NBI-elevation 1.189).Secondly,An.sinensis has higher SA,EA and NBI(NBI-latitude 1.571 and NBI-latitude 0.848).The SA,EA and NBI of other species such as Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus and Ar.subalbatus were also relatively higher(NBI-latitude 0.964,0.814 and NBI-elevation 0.811,0.403 respectively).Most species have relatively low or very low niche breadth due to their low SA and narrow ecological range in latitude and elevation gradients.The species pattern might be closely related to species abundance,ecological breadth and niche breadth in the Lancang River Basin.The results indicate that species with larger SA,EA and niche breadth in large-scale environmental spaces have stronger environmental adaptability to utilize geospatial resources.In addition,among the 46 mosquitoes,the NBI of 84.78%species along the latitudinal gradients was significantly higher than that along the elevation ones whereas only 15.22%species were equal or less than the NBI at the elevation gradient,which suggest that the niche width of species in latitude dimension is usually larger than that in altitude one.F

关 键 词：蚊类 生态位 生态幅 物种多度 物种多度分布 大尺度空间 澜沧江流域 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]