测绘地理信息应急快速制图系统研究  

Geographic Information Rapid Mapping System for Emergency

作　　者：朱秀丽[1] 赵勇[1] 刘万增[1] 李然[1] 赵婷婷[1] 彭云璐 ZHU Xiuli;ZHAO Yong;LIU Wanzeng;LI Ran;ZHAO Tingting;PENG Yunlu(National Geomatics Center of China,Beijing 100830,China)

机构地区：[1]国家基础地理信息中心,北京100830

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》2020年第8期1303-1311,共9页Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0803109);科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202500)。

摘　　要：为突发事件提供测绘地理信息快速制图服务是应急测绘保障的主要任务之一。防灾减灾工作对应急制图服务时效性提出了非常高的要求,通常为几小时或更短时间,而常规制图需要1~2 d,甚至更长时间。为确保应急制图的效率,对应急制图知识分解与匹配、应急专题数据快速动态集成、多因子触发制图规则的自适应快速制图等关键技术进行研究,在此基础上开发了测绘地理信息应急快速制图系统,提高应急制图的效率。Objectives:Natural disasters in China are characterized by many kinds,wide distribution,high frequency,and high intensity,which often cause huge losses.Therefore,effective prevention of disasters,timely understanding of disaster information,and scientific reduction of disaster losses are of great significance to the safety of peoples lives and property.In the process of disaster prevention and control,emergency survey and mapping support mainly play an indispensable role through provide geographic information rapid mapping service.Emergency disaster rapid mapping is highly time-sensitive and generally requires services to be provided within a few hours or less,but conventional mapping methods are difficult to meet demand(1-2 days or even longer).Our purpose is to improve the efficiency of emergency mapping and to provide support for the rapidly emergency mapping service in different stages,including emergency rescue,disaster assessment,post-disaster reconstruction,etc.Methods:To solve the problem of randomness and efficiency of emergency mapping,three technologies were introduced:The knowledge decomposition and matching of rapid mapping for an emergency,the rapid and dynamic integration of emergency thematic data,and the adaptive fast mapping of multi-factor triggered mapping rules.The first technology decomposed knowledge of rapid mapping for an emergency to the symbol,label,rule of mapping,decoration and so on,and further subdivided them.So as to form the building blocks of cartography knowledge and provide components for building the cartography with specific needs,and to realize multiple associations and integrated storage of emergency data and mapping knowledge.The second technology integrated the natural language processing and word segmentation technology with the spatial information in the disaster information and proposed the spatial matching method of place names and addresses based on the statistical model,which realized the rapid integration of disaster information.The third technology took emergencie

关 键 词：突发事件 防灾减灾 应急响应 测绘地理信息 快速制图 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]