“后真相”背后的算法权力及其公法规制路径  

Algorithmic Power Behind“Post-truth”And Its Regulation Path of Public Law

作　　者：肖冬梅[1] XIAO Dong-mei(Law School of Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2020年第4期3-17,共15页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“云环境下数字学术资源安全的法律保障体系研究”(项目编号:14AZD076)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：操控民意是驱动"后真相"的关键力量,其实现有三步:先根据数据隐私群分选民,形成有不同偏向的群体;再利用个性化算法实现"千人千面"的信息推送,构筑信息茧房;最后通过精心选择、制作内容以搭售操控者意图,引导选民群体投票。算法本身不透明导致算法黑箱乃至算法霸权,数据本身又带有社会固有的不平等、排斥性和歧视痕迹,算法权力得以形成。算法权力带来的风险主要体现在:信息茧房效应蕴含群体极化之虞、"后真相"导致民主选举告急、"人群捕捞"恐慌冲击正常交易秩序、"算法共谋"催生限制竞争与垄断风险、算法偏见与歧视加剧社会结构固化。推动"后真相"的算法权力兼具软权力和资源权力属性,是一种弥散性权力。算法权力亟待技术与法律联袂治理,公法应主要通过强化行政监管权和国家数据主权来规制算法权力。Manipulating public opinion is the key force to drive the "post-truth".There are three steps to achieve it:select voters by groups according to the data privacy and divide the voters into groups with different biases;then use personalized algorithm to push different information to different people and build information cocoons;finally, to tie the operator’s intentions and guide the voters to vote through careful selection and production of content.The opacity of algorithm itself leads to algorithm black box and even algorithm hegemony.The data itself carries the inherent inequality, exclusion and discriminatory traces of the society, and that’s how the algorithm power is formed.The risks brought by the power of the algorithm are mainly reflected in the following aspects:information cocoons leads to group polarization, the "post-truth" leads to the democratic election emergency, "crowd fishing" panic impacts the normal trading order, and"algorithm collusion" promotes the restriction of competition and monopoly risk, algorithmic bias and discrimination exacerbate the solidification of social structures.As a diffuse power,algorithmic power to promote the "post-truth" contains both soft power property and resource power property.In addition to technical governance, algorithmic power can be regulated through legal governance.Public law should strengthen administrative supervision and strengthen national data sovereignty.

关 键 词：后真相 算法权力 公法 规制路径 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]