山西省旱作农业区不同施肥处理对谷子产量、品质及经济效益的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Yield,Quality and Economic Benefit of Foxtail Millet in Dry Farming Area of Shanxi Province

作　　者：杨永青[1] 高芳芳 马亚君 陈鑫 张杰[1,2,3] Yang Yongqing;Gao Fangfang;Ma Yajun;Chen Xin;Zhang Jie(College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041000,Shanxi,China;The 24th Technique Extension Station of National Research and Extension Center of Microbial Fertilizer Technology,Linfen 041000,Shanxi,China;Shenchi County Science and Technology Service Center,Xinzhou 036100,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学生命科学学院,山西临汾041000 [2]国家微生物肥料技术研究推广中心第24号技术推广站,山西临汾041000 [3]神池县科技服务中心,山西忻州036100

出　　处：《作物杂志》2020年第4期195-201,共7页Crops

基　　金：2017年传统农业种植施肥习惯改变的示范性试验项目;2018年传统农业种植施肥习惯改变的示范性试验项目;2019年传统农业种植施肥习惯改变的示范性试验项目。

摘　　要：以张杂谷6号为试验材料,通过连续3年的田间试验,研究了4种施肥处理(单施复合肥、1/2复合肥+有机肥、1/2复合肥+微生物菌剂和1/2复合肥+生物有机肥)对谷子农艺性状、产量、经济效益和品质的影响。结果表明:与单施复合肥处理相比,1/2复合肥+有机肥和1/2复合肥+微生物菌剂处理谷子农艺性状差异不显著;1/2复合肥+生物有机肥处理的谷子株高、穗长和穗下茎长较单施复合肥处理分别提高了5.0%、7.8%和4.4%。1/2复合肥+生物有机肥处理增产效果最好,与单施复合肥处理相比,其产量和经济效益分别提高了20.4%和5.8%,蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉含量平均分别提高了16.5%、19.9%和49.2%,且差异达显著水平。1/2复合肥+有机肥、1/2复合肥+微生物菌剂和1/2复合肥+生物有机肥处理均能改善土壤肥力,2017年1/2复合肥+生物有机肥处理试验后土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量较试验前分别提高了16.5%、19.9%、49.2%和6.6%,2018年分别提高了5.9%、1.1%、13.2%和8.3%。从谷子产量、农民纯收入和品质等方面考虑,1/2复合肥配施生物有机肥是最优施肥方式。Zhangzagu No.6 was used as the experimental material to study the effects of four different fertilization treatments(single compound fertilizer, 1/2 compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer, 1/2 compound fertilizer + microbial agent, 1/2 compound fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer) on the agronomic characteristics, yield, quality and economic benefits of foxtail millet. The results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic characteristics of foxtail millet treated with 1/2 compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer and 1/2 compound fertilizer + microbial agent.The plant height, ear length and stem length under ear treated with 1/2 compound fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer increased by 5.0%, 7.8% and 4.4% compared with those treated with single compound fertilizer. Compared with the single application of compound fertilizer, the yield and economic benefit of 1/2 compound fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer increased by 20.4% and 5.8% respectively, and the content of protein, fat and starch of foxtail millet increased by 16.5%, 19.9% and 49.2% respectively. The treatments of 1/2 compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer, 1/2 compound fertilizer + microbial agent and 1/2 compound fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer could improve the soil fertility in different degrees. The treatment of 1/2 compound fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer increase the soil organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium by 16.5%, 19.9%, 49.2% and 6.6% compared with those before treating in 2017;and increased by 5.9%, 1.1%, 13.2% and 8.3% in 2018, respectively. Therefore, comprehensive consideration of yield, net income and quality, 1/2 compound fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer is the optimal fertilization method.

关 键 词：谷子 复合肥 有机肥 微生物菌剂 产量和品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]