生态恢复视角下海滨湿地景观模拟——以江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区为例  

Landscape Simulation of Coastal Wetlands to Support Ecological Restoration:A Case Study of the Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland Rare Birds National Nature Reserve

作　　者：张华兵 韩爽[1] 王娟 刘玉卿 于英鹏[1] ZHANG Hua-bing;HAN Shuang;WANG Juan;LIU Yu-qing;YU Ying peng(School of Urban and Planning,Yancheng Teacher's University,Yancheng 224007,P.R.China;College of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院城市与规划学院,江苏盐城224007 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2020年第4期41-47,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771199,41501567,41601594);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20171277,BK20160446);江苏省教育厅自然科学研究项目(18KJD170001)。

摘　　要：选择盐城典型淤泥质海滨湿地区,从生态恢复的视角,模拟预测未来海滨湿地景观可能的变化结果,为海滨湿地的科学管理提供决策参考。盐城海滨湿地是区域重要的生态屏障,近年来,在人类与自然的双重作用下,区域湿地景观变化显著。为维护区域生态安全,发挥湿地应有的功能,以2000年和2011年遥感影像为基础,结合土壤水分和盐度数据,采用景观过程模型,从生态恢复的视角,对2020年盐城海滨湿地景观演变进行模拟,研究结果表明:(1)人工围堰、互花米草扩张和碱蓬沼泽退化是研究区面临的主要生态问题。(2)人工管理区,至2020年,碱蓬沼泽比现状条件下模拟结果增加了18.46倍,互花米草沼泽减少了66.04%;景观多样性指数从1.007增加到1.150,景观均匀度指数从0.626增加到0.715。(3)自然条件区,至2020年,互花米草沼泽的面积比现状条件下模拟结果减少了82.32%,碱蓬沼泽增加了19.65倍;景观多样性指数从1.082增加到1.237,景观均匀度指数从0.780增加到0.892。The Yancheng coastal wetland is the largest tidal flat wetland on the western Pacific coast and is an important ecological barrier for regional development.In recent years,human activities and natural processes have markedly changed the wetland landscape.Thus,landscape simulation of the Yancheng coastal wetland is important for managing and protecting wetland ecology.In this research,to support ecological restoration,a landscape process model was used to simulate the Yancheng coastal wetlands for the year 2020.soil moisture and salinity investigations were carried out at 30 sampling plots in a managed area and a natural coastal wetland area.The simulation model was constructed based on annual soil moisture and salinity data,combined with remote sensing images from 2000 and 2011.Research indicates that cofferdam,the expansion of Spartina alterniflora marsh and degradation of the Suaeda marsh were the primary ecological problem in the study area.Simulation results for the managed area shows the Suaeda marsh area increased by a factor of 18.5 by 2020,and a 66.0%decrease in the Spartina alterniflora marsh area.The landscape diversity index increased from 1.007 to 1.150,and the landscape evenness index increased from 0.626 to 0.715.In the natural area,the Suaeda marsh area increased by a factor of 19.7 and the Spartina alterniflora marsh area decreased by 82.3%.The landscape diversity index increased from 1.082 to 1.237,and the landscape evenness index increased from 0.780 to 0.892.

关 键 词：景观过程模型 生态恢复 情景模拟 江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]