高句丽古墓壁画所见出行图研究  

Study on the Travel Painting in the Murals of Koguryo Ancient Tombs

作　　者：郑春颖[1] 盛宇平 Zheng Chunying;Sheng Yuping

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学

出　　处：《南方文物》2020年第2期200-216,共17页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金专项项目“壁画视角下的高句丽文化研究”资助(批准号:17VGB014)。

摘　　要：现今发现的127座高句丽壁画墓中,25座古墓绘有61幅可以辨识的广义出行图。根据高句丽壁画墓的分期与编年,结合出行图构图差异,可分为A型多行出行图、B型双行出行图、C型单行出行图、D型散点出行图和E型单点出行图五型。A型出行图可以上溯至古代中国丧葬礼仪中既长远又充满变化的政事出行图。B型出行图可视为A型的减省版。C、D、E三型出行图在承继与延续魏晋南北朝时期墓葬绘画传统的基础上,受佛教构图等外来因素的影响,结合本地地域文化特质,逐步形成了具有高句丽文化独特旨趣的出行图模式。中国境内发现的高句丽壁画墓不见A、B两型出行图,朝鲜境内发现的高句丽壁画墓不见C型Ⅰ式和E型出行图。中国境内所见C型Ⅰ式出行图大概在5世纪末演变为C型Ⅱ式出行图。朝鲜境内所见高句丽出行图则经历了由A型,到B型,再到C型Ⅱ式出行图的演变。中朝两国发现的D型出行图都经历了由Ⅰ式向Ⅱ式的转变。汉系双室墓向高句丽单室墓转化所致绘画空间减少是推动高句丽出行图演进的重要原因之一。从公元4世纪中叶至公元6世纪后半叶二百多年间高句丽出行图的演变历程是高句丽统治区域内,政治基础不同、经济结构不同、族群构成不同、信仰观念不同的两大地域文化,经过不断地碰撞、排斥,逐步走向融合,并最终实现一体化进程的体现。Among the 127 Koguryo Mural Tombs found today, there are 61 recognizable travel patterns from 25 an-cient tombs. According to the stages and chronology of Koguryo mural tombs, combined with the difference of trip pattern composition, it can be divided into 5 types : A-type multi-column travel pattern, B-type double column travel pattern, C-type single column travel pattern, D-type scattered travel pattern and E-type single travel pattern.Type A travel pattern can be traced back to the early and changeable political travel patterns in ancient Chinese fu-neral rites. Type B travel patterns can be regarded as a simplified version of Type A. On the basis of inheriting and continuing the tradition of tombs painting in the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, C, D and E travel patterns, influenced by Buddhist composition and other external factors, have gradually formed a trip model with a combination of unique culture characteristics. There are no Type A and B travel patterns from Koguryo mural tombs found in China, and there are no C-type Ⅰ and E-type travel patterns from Koguryo mural tombs found in Kore-a. The Koguryo travel patterns from Korea evolved from A-type, to B-type and then to C-type Ⅱ. The D-type travel patterns from China and Korea have both undergone a transition from type Ⅰ to type Ⅱ. The reduction of painting space caused by the transformation of Han double-chamber tombs to single-chamber tombs in Koguryo s one of the important reasons for the evolution of Koguryo’s travel patterns. From the middle of the fourth century A. D. to the second half of the sixth century A. D., more than two hundred years ago, the evolution of Koguryo’s travel patterns symbolizes the gradual integration through constant collision and exclusions of different political founda-tions, economic structures, ethnic groups and beliefs in the area under the ruling of Koguryo.

关 键 词：高句丽古墓 壁画 出行图 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K883.125[历史地理—历史学]