马鞍山市大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征及健康风险评估  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal in atmospheric PM2.5 in Ma’anshan,Anhui

作　　者：樊正[1] 汪阳 张荣[1] 邱光文[1] FAN Zheng;WANG Yang;ZHANG Rong;QIU Guang-wen(Department of Laboratory,Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ma'anshan,Anhui 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心检验科,安徽243000

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2019年第12期1064-1068,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：安徽省卫生与计划生育委员会科研计划项目(2017jk006)。

摘　　要：目的了解马鞍山市大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征及其对不同人群的健康风险。方法于2018年1—12月采集该市大气PM2.5样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定其中Sb、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Mn、Ni、Se等8种元素,用美国环保署健康风险评估模型对8种元素进行风险评估。结果马鞍山市大气PM2.5中8种元素的年均浓度在1.44~50.13 ng/m3之间,Pb、Cd的浓度低于《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)限值,As的年平均浓度、春季及冬季平均浓度分别为6.15、7.40、10.06ng/m3,分别是标准限值的1.03、1.23、1.68倍。8种元素对成人和儿童的非致癌风险均低于1,由高到低依次为Pb>As>Sb>Mn>Cd>Se>Cr>Ni;4种致癌元素对成人和儿童的总致癌风险均高于10-6,单一元素致癌风险由高到低依次为Cd>As>Ni>Cr。重金属元素对儿童的非致癌风险高于成人,对儿童的致癌风险低于成人;重金属元素的非致癌和致癌风险呈现冬季>春季>夏、秋季的趋势。结论马鞍山市大气PM2.5中重金属元素的健康风险有明显的季节特征,元素Cd和As对人群健康的潜在危害风险较高,应引起重视。Objective To explore the pollution characteristics of heavy metal in atmospheric PM2.5 and its health risks to different populations in Ma’anshan,Anhui province.Methods From January to December 2018,the atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected.Eight kinds of elements,such as Sb,As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Mn,Ni and Se were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Health risk assessment of the eight elements was conducted by using the Health Risk Assessment Model recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency.Results The average annual concentration of the eight elements in atmospheric PM2.5 in Ma’anshan ranged from 1.44 to 50.13 ng/m3.The concentrations of Pb and Cd were lower than the limits of Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095-2012),the annual average,and the spring and winter average concentrations of As were 6.15,7.40,and 10.06 ng/m3 respectively,which were 1.03,1.23,and 1.68 times as high as the standard limits.The non-carcinogenic risks of the eight elements were less than 1 for both adults and children,and ranked as Pb>As>Sb>Mn>Cd>Se>Cr>Ni.The total carcinogenic risk of four carcinogenic elements for adults and children was greater than 10-6,and the risk of single element carcinogenesis ranked as Cd>As>Ni>Cr;Heavy metal elements had higher non-carcinogenic risks and lower carcinogenic risks for children compared with adults.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of heavy metal elements were high in winter,followed by spring,summer and autumn(winter>spring>summer and autumn).Conclusion The health risks of heavy metal elements in atmospheric PM2.5 in Ma’anshan has an obvious seasonal changing trend,and the potential hazard of Cd and As on population health is the highest.

关 键 词：PM2.5 金属 重 污染特征 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]