美国金融霸权基础虚化的逻辑演进及其危机指向  

Logical Evolution and Crisis Orientation of Virtualization of Financial Hegemony Foundation of the USA

作　　者：刘爱文[1,2] 陈洪良 Liu Aiwen;Chen Hongliang

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学经济学院,南昌330013 [2]江西财经大学《资本论》与当代经济问题研究所,南昌330013

出　　处：《当代经济研究》2020年第8期73-81,F0003,共10页Contemporary Economic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15BJY115);国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA028)

摘　　要：美国金融霸权实现过程与其国家垄断资本主义发展密切相关,政治精英规制的美国国家垄断资本主义以高利贷者的眼光看待其国际债权,延缓了美国金融霸权的实现。随着商业寡头的崛起,美国政府开始顺应资本开放性要求,标志美国国家垄断资本主义趋于成熟;在此背景下,美国建构了以"美元-黄金"双本位为内核的布雷顿森林体系,以确保国际债权基础上美国金融霸权的实现。然而,金融霸权生成美国军事国家垄断资本主义,战后频繁军事干预引起美元大规模外流,35美元兑换1盎司黄金的固定兑换比率日益不可信,布雷顿森林体系最终崩溃。继起的牙买加体系切断了美元与黄金之间的联系,美元债务货币化极大地扩张了美国政府权能,美国金融霸权转置债务新基。通过帝国权力的政治/领土逻辑与资本逻辑的矛盾运动,美国资本账户操控性增强,最终引起金融危机的空间与形态的系列转向。The realization process of US financial hegemony was closely related to the development of its state monopoly capitalism.The state monopoly capitalism of the USA adopting political elite regulation treated its international creditor’s rights with an inward version,laying aside realization of US financial hegemony.The rise of the US commercial oligarchy government that conformed to the requirements of capital openness indicated that US state monopoly capitalism was becoming more mature.In this context,the USA developed a Bretton Woods system with the core of dual bases including US dollar and gold,ensuring the realization of US financial hegemony on the basis of international creditor’s rights.However,financial hegemony generated the military state monopoly capitalism of the USA,and frequent military interventions after the world war caused a large-scale outflow of US dollars.The gold guarantee for US dollar issuance became increasingly unreliable,and the Bretton Woods system eventually collapsed.The subsequent Jamaica system cut off the link between the U.S.dollar and gold.The monetization of U.S.dollar debts greatly expanded the powers and functions of the US government,and the U.S.financial hegemony transposed new debt foundation.With the contradictory movement between the political/territorial logic and the capital logic of imperial power,the US capital accounts’ controllability has been improved to eventually cause a series of changes of financial crisis in terms of space and form.

关 键 词：国家垄断资本主义• 金融霸权 债务转置 金融危机 

分 类 号：F831[经济管理—金融学]