播量对BNS型杂交小麦群体光合特性、物质积累和产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Rate on Population Photosynthetic Characteristics,Material Accumulation and Yield of BNS-type Hybrid Wheat

作　　者：丁位华[1] 姜小苓[1] 冯素伟[1] 金立桥 路玉平 茹振钢[1] DING Weihua;JIANG Xiaoling;FENG Suwei;JIN Liqiao;LU Yuping;RU Zhengang(Center of Wheat,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Center of Crops Breeding Collaborative Innovation in Henan,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院小麦中心,河南省现代生物育种协同创新中心,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第4期113-119,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100701,2017YFD0100705);河南省农业科技攻关项目(192102110020,182102110259)。

摘　　要：为给BNS型杂交小麦生产应用提供最佳的种植密度,在大田条件下,研究了播量对BNS型杂交小麦群体光合特性、物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明:播量对BNS型杂交小麦群体光合速率、透光率以及群体光能吸收利用能力具有一定的调控效应。其中S3(270×10^4株/hm^2)处理在花后灌浆期光合特性表现出显著优势,小麦群体透光率态势良好,光反射率较低,光合速率降幅较小,光能吸收利用能力较强,最终使得群体干物质积累量和产量显著高于其他处理。S1(180×10^4株/hm^2)和S2(225×10^4株/hm^2)处理的群体中部和底端透光率在整个生育期均表现出明显优势,但群体较小,漏光严重,群体光合速率较低,干物质积累量和实测产量显著低于其他处理。S4(315×10^4株/hm^2)和S5(360×10^4株/hm^2)处理群体相对较大,在整个生育期群体光合速率较高,但群体中部和底端透光率较小,光反射率较强,光能利用率较低,穗粒数和千粒质量明显低于其他处理,最终导致了群体干物质积累量和产量的降低。综合以上结果可知,BNS杂交小麦在播量为S3(270×10^4株/hm^2)时冠层结构最优,产量最高,为BNS杂交小麦的推广应用提供了理论基础。In order to provide the best planting density for the production and application of BNS-type hybrid wheat,a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of sowing rate on the photosynthetic characteristics,material accumulation and yield of BNS-type hybrid wheat.The results showed that the sowing rate had a certain regulatory effect on the population photosynthetic rate,light transmittance,and light energy absorption and utilization of BNS-type hybrid wheat.Among them,S3(270×10^4 plants/ha)treatment showed significant advantages in the photosynthetic characteristics during filling stage after flowering.The wheat population had a good light transmittance,a low light reflectance,a small decrease in photosynthetic rate and a strong light energy absorption and utilization capacity.Eventually the population dry matter accumulation and actual yield were significantly higher than other treatments.The light transmittance in the middle and bottom of S1(180×10^4 plants/ha)and S2(225×10^4 plants/ha)populations showed obvious advantages throughout the growth period,but the population was smaller,the light leakage was serious,and the photosynthetic rate was lower,so the dry matter accumulation and actual yield were significantly lower than other treatments.S4(315×10^4 plants/ha)and S5(360×10^4 plants/ha)treated groups had a relatively large population,so the photosynthetic rate was higher during the whole growth period.However,the light transmittance was lower in the middle and bottom of the group,the light reflectance was stronger,the light energy utilization rate was lower,and the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were significantly lower than other treatments,which eventually led to the reduction of dry matter accumulation and yield of the population.Based on the above results,the canopy structure of BNS hybrid wheat was the best and the yield was the highest when S3(270×10^4 plants/ha)was utilized,which provided a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of BNS hybrid wh

关 键 词：BNS型杂交小麦 播量 群体光合速率 群体物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S512.01[农业科学—作物学]