基于劳动投入回报率的重要农业文化遗产保护经济驱动分析——以河北宽城传统板栗栽培系统为例  

Analysis of the economic driving force for protecting Important Agricultural Heritage Systems based on the return rate on labor input:A case study of the Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System in Hebei Province

作　　者：何璐璐 张永勋 洪传春[3,4] 闵庆文 HE Lulu;ZHANG Yongxun;HONG Chuanchun;MIN Qingwen(College of Humanities and Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China;Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;School of Business Administration,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China;Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100094 [2]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081 [3]东北大学工商管理学院,沈阳110004 [4]东北大学秦皇岛分校,秦皇岛066004 [5]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [6]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2020年第9期1405-1413,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业农村部国际交流合作项目(12200020);农村社会事业发展项目(09205006)资助。

摘　　要：城市化和工业化背景下,传统小规模农业一直被认为是经济效益较低的产业。重要农业文化遗产地的小规模农业已有上千年的历史,至今仍发挥生计功能,为何仍有大量农户在从事农业生产?为解释这个现象,本文选取中国重要农业文化遗产——河北宽城板栗栽培系统为例,以宽城板栗种植户为单位,采用随机抽样问卷调查法收集数据,构建劳动投入回报模型,计算农户板栗种植和外出务工的劳动投入回报率。研究结果表明:宽城板栗种植户使用化肥和农药比例不高,耕地面积小(0.57 hm2·户^-1),田间管理、采摘是板栗种植消耗劳动量较多的农事活动,年均只需要投入121.4人·d·户^-1的劳动量;外出务工劳动力约2人·户^-1,人均务工时间为8.9月·a-1,每年每户外出务工的总劳动量为537人·d·户^-1,是板栗种植劳动投入的4.4倍。板栗价格相对略高,每户种植板栗所获得的收入是15623.3元·户^-1;农民文化程度较低、技能不足,外出务工的月收入较低,每户劳动力外出务工所获得年收入为59243.7元·户^-1。但从农户劳动投入回报率的角度看,小规模板栗种植业较外出务工高约1.2倍。这一结果与人们对农业低效益的普遍印象存在较大差别,也从经济维度解释了多数农户不愿意放弃板栗种植的原因。板栗种植需要的劳动量较少,使得农户有大量的剩余劳动力从事非农产业,农户兼业化是充分利用剩余劳动力以适应社会转型的适应性现象。Under the background of urbanization and industrialization,many Agricultural Heritage Systems(AHS)sites in mountainous areas still maintain traditional small-scale agriculture(TSA)that relies on human labor due to the difficulty in using modern machinery.TSA has been widely regarded as a relatively small industry owing to a low annual income.TSA in AHS sites usually has a history of over thousands of years and is important for maintaining a living for local households.Why are there still a large number of farmers engaged in agriculture in AHS sites?From an economic perspective,this paper selected the China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS),Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System in Hebei Province,as an example,taking the chestnut farming household as a basic unit,to examine its sustainability.Data were collected by using the random questionnaire method.The survey information included the direct material inputs,labor inputs,outputs of chestnut farming,and the migrant workers’workplace information,duration and income.The labor consumption of chestnut farming and migrant work were accurately calculated.The labor input-return(LIR)model was constructed to calculate the LIR rate of chestnut farming and migrant work in each chestnut farming household.A comparative analysis was carried out to identify differences.Results showed that chestnut farming households usually had a small farmland area(about 0.57 hectare per household)and most maintained traditional production methods.Only a few households used fertilizers and pesticides to farm chestnut trees.An average household spent 121.4 labors´days in cultivating chestnuts due to extensive management.An average chestnut farming household had 2 migrant workers and each spent 8.9 months per year doing migrant work.Each chestnut farming household thus expended 537 labors´days for migrant work.The labor input of migrant work was 4.4 times that of chestnut farming.Likewise,a chestnut farming household often had an annual income of 1562

关 键 词：农户劳动投入回报率 宽城传统板栗栽培系统 重要农业文化遗产(IAHS) 中国重要农业文化遗产(China-NIAHS) 小规模农业 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]