轻质高熵合金研究现状  

Light-weight High-entropy Alloy:a Review

作　　者：贾岳飞 王刚[1] 贾延东[1] 伍诗伟 穆永坤 徐龙[1] 张靓博 徐立明[1] JIA Yuefei;WANG Gang;JIA Yandong;WU Shiwei;MU Yongkun;XU Long;ZHANG Liangbo;XU Liming(Laboratory for Microstructures,Institute of Materials,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学材料研究所微结构重点实验室,上海200444

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第17期17003-17017,共15页Materials Reports

摘　　要：高熵合金由于具有独特的合金设计理念和优异的性能而受到广泛关注。早期的高熵合金主要基于过渡族元素、难熔元素或者稀土元素,密度相对较高,从而极大限制了其应用。轻质高熵合金是基于Al、Li、Mg、Ti等轻质元素开发的一类新型高熵合金,在材料轻量化的趋势下,关于轻质高熵合金的研究逐渐增多。轻质高熵合金作为高熵合金的新分支,具有低密度、低模量、高比强度、高比硬度的独特优势。除此之外,轻质高熵合金还具有高熵合金的高强度、高硬度、优异的耐磨性、良好的耐氧化性、优异的耐腐蚀性、良好的抗高温氧化和抗高温软化性能以及良好的生物相容性等特点。这些性能上的优势使得轻质高熵合金在航空航天以及生物科技领域极具应用潜力。目前,轻质高熵合金的研究主要涉及成分开发、制备、组织结构表征、性能特点等。新成分的开发与设计主要利用经验参数与相图计算以及第一性原理计算相结合的方法。合金的制备以感应熔炼、电弧熔炼和机械合金化等方法为主;轻质高熵合金的相组成与组织结构通常包括非晶态组织、单相多晶组织、多相复杂组织等;其性能方面的研究主要涉及力学方面的强度、硬度、高温蠕变等,还包括抗氧化性、耐蚀性以及生物相容性等。本文从轻质高熵合金的成分设计、制备方法、组织特征、性能特点等方面进行了综述,并指出了轻质高熵合金所面临的问题与挑战。High-entropy alloy has attracted masses of attention due to its unique alloy design concept and excellent properties.The previous high-entropy alloys,whose density is relatively high,are mainly based on transition group elements,refractory elements or rare earth elements,which greatly limits their application.With the trend of material lightweight,the research on light-weight high-entropy alloys are gradually increasing.Light-weight high-entropy alloy is a new branch of high-entropy alloy based on light elements such as Al,Li,Mg,Ti,etc.Light-weight high-entropy alloys have unique advantages of low density,low modulus,high specific strength and high specific hardness.In addition,light-weight high-entropy alloys also have high strength,high hardness,excellent wear resistance,good oxidation resistance,excellent corrosion resistance,good high temperature oxidation resistance,high temperature softening resistance and good biocompatibility.The superior properties of light-weight high-entropy alloys have significant potential to be applied to aerospace and biotechnology.At present,the research of light-weight high-entropy alloys mainly involve the development of composition,preparation,characterization and properties.The development and design of new components mainly use the method of combination of empirical parameters,CALPHAD and DFT(Density functional theory)calculation.The main methods of alloys preparation are induction melting,arc melting and mechanical alloying.The phase composition and structure of light-weight high-entropy alloys usually include amorphous structure,single-phase polycrystalline structure,multiphase complex structure,etc.The research of performance mainly involves mechanical properties,include strength,hardness,high tempe-rature creep,etc.,and also includes oxidation resistance,corrosion resistance,biocompatibility,etc.In this paper,the composition design,pre-paration,microstructure and properties of light-weight high-entropy alloy are reviewed.Meanwhile,the problems and challenges for light-wei

关 键 词：轻质高熵合金 低密度 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]