超亲水/水下超疏油膜功能材料及其研究进展  

Research Progress on Superhydrophilic/Underwater Superoleophobic Functional Membrane Materials

作　　者：徐兰芳 王锋[1] 于英豪[1] 涂伟萍[1] XU Lanfang;WANG Feng;YU Yinghao;TU Weiping(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学化学与化工学院,广州510641

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第17期17105-17114,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2018A030313235);广东省绿色化学产品技术重点实验室开放基金(GC201813)。

摘　　要：含油污水,特别是油/水乳液的分离是世界性的挑战。膜分离法由于具有分离效率高、能耗低、易于操作等特点,在油水分离领域具有较大的优势。超亲水/水下超疏油材料是“除水型”特殊润湿性材料,与超疏水-超亲油网膜相比,超亲水/水下超疏油膜在对抗有机污染和生物污染方面更具优势。超亲水/水下超疏油膜在处理含油污水过程中面临的主要问题有化学稳定性及膜污染。膜污染会导致分离效率及过滤通量下降等问题,缩短膜的使用寿命。因此,解决滤膜污染问题对污水处理至关重要。目前超亲水/水下超疏油材料改性的重点主要有三方面:提高过滤通量、抗污能力及设计合适的孔径。许多研究人员通过对疏水性基材(聚合物膜、金属筛网)进行改性以增强膜的亲水性和抗污性能,并取得了丰硕的成果。目前,聚合物膜改性方法主要分为基体改性和表面改性两种。基体改性即通过接枝共聚或共混等方法对膜进行亲水改性,然后将改性后的膜材料用于膜制备。表面改性是指对商业滤膜表面接枝极性单体或亲水单体。金属筛网常用的改性方法有化学刻蚀、表面涂覆、电化学沉积等。通过改变膜表面的化学组成和粗糙度调控滤膜的超润湿性能,从而提高膜的亲水性、分离效率和抗污性能。为了响应处理工业溢油及保护环境的要求,迫切需要开发具有高分离效率、高选择性和高稳定性的新型分离材料和技术,以应对日趋复杂的油水分离环境。本文以分离油水混合物及油水乳液的滤膜材料作为研究体系,首先介绍了超亲水/水下超疏油表面的理论基础及其构筑机理,然后从不同基材的角度介绍了油水分离功能材料的制备工艺及改性方法。本文全面综述了超亲水/水下超疏油金属网膜、聚合物膜材料和基于纳米材料的新型功能分离膜的研究进展,从润湿性、过滤通Separation of oily wastewater,especially oil/water emulsions,is a worldwide challenge.Since membrane separation technology has high separation efficiency,low energy consumption and simple operation process,it has great advantages in the treatment of oily water.Superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane is“water-removing”material with special wettability.Compared with superhydrophobic-supe-roleophilic membrane,superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane is more resistant to organic pollution and biological pollution.The disadvantages of filter membranes are chemical stability and membrane fouling.Membrane fouling will lead to reduction of separation efficiency,flux decline,shorter service life.Therefore,alleviating membrane pollution is essential to wastewater treatment.The focuses of hydrophilic modification are increasing filtration flux,improving anti-fouling ability and designing appropriate pore size.Many researchers modified substrate through different methods to improve the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling capacity.Up till now,fruitful achievements have been received.Modification methods of polymer membrane are mainly divided into two types:bulk modification and surface modification.Bulk modification means hydrophilic modification on membranes including graft copolymerization or blending.Surface modification refers to the grafting of polar or hydrophilic monomers on the surface of commercial filter membranes.Hydrophilic modification methods for metal meshes include chemical etching,surface coating,electrochemical deposition and et al.By changing the chemical composition and roughness of the membrane surface,hydrophilicity,separation efficiency and anti-fouling performance can be greatly improved.In order to deal with industrial oil spills and protect the environment,it is urgent to develop new separation materials and technologies with high separation efficiency,high selectivity and stable performance.Filter membrane is the research object of the article.Firstly,the theory and construc

关 键 词：过滤膜 超亲水 水下超疏油 油/水分离 亲水改性 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]