直接CH4固体氧化物燃料电池金属支撑体研究现状与发展  

Metallic Support for Direct-CH4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

作　　者：李凯[1] 高文明 杜莹 李箭[3] LI Kai;GAO Wenming;DU Ying;LI Jian(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China;Army Unit 66389,Xi'an 710061,China;Center for Fuel Cell Innovation,State Key Laboratory for Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710065 [2]66389部队,西安710061 [3]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,材料成型及模具技术国家重点实验室,燃料电池研究中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第17期17149-17154,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(51702258);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JM-535);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(17JK0598);西安石油大学《材料科学与工程》省级优势学科资助项目(YS37020203)。

摘　　要：金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池(MS-SOFC)是一种不同于传统金属陶瓷阳极支撑的新型燃料电池。MS-SOFC以高热导率的不锈钢金属材料作为支撑体,具有成本低廉、结构强度高、启动速度快、抗热震性能好等优点。然而,金属与陶瓷材料在物理和化学性能上具有截然不同的特性,将金属引入到SOFC中作为支撑体,在材料选择、电池制备工艺和燃料气体种类等方面面临很多新的问题。近年来关于MS-SOFC的研究,除了金属支撑体的材料和成型工艺外,研究者们主要尝试利用各种先进的薄膜沉积技术制备MS-SOFC的阳极、电解质和阴极,并根据多孔电极和致密电解质的不同微观结构需求,不断优化MS-SOFC制备工艺。为了实现在MS-SOFC中直接使用CH 4基燃料,研究者将纳米催化剂颗粒包覆在金属支撑体的多孔网络骨架表面,从而实现阳极在重整性和抗积碳性的双重优化。此外,通过在金属支撑体外层增加高催化活性的重整层,也可以实现碳氢燃料的原位重整,提高MS-SOFC在CH 4基燃料中的稳定性能。本文讨论了MS-SOFC的发展现状,系统总结了SOFC金属支撑体材料的研究现状,分析了MS-SOFC制备过程中的关键问题。在此基础上,特别关注了直接应用CH 4作为燃料的Ni-Fe合金支撑SOFC,分析了Ni-Fe合金支撑体的结构特性,提出增强Ni-Fe合金支撑体催化活性的措施,探讨了直接CH 4固体氧化物燃料电池金属支撑体未来的发展方向。Metal support solid oxide fuel cells(MS-SOFC)resembles with conventional solid oxide fuel cells in materials and fabrication schemes,with main difference being loading bear component.MS-SOFC relies heavily on porous metallic supporting structure,and offers competitive advantages such as low materials cost,high tolerance towards rapid thermal cycling,excellent structural robustness and sealing efficiency.However,MS-SOFC remains many major challenges in support materials,cell preparation and fuel selection due to the distinct physical and chemical pro-perties in metal and ceramic materials.For recent research on MS-SOFC,in addition to the metal support materials and preparation process,efforts have been made to prepare the anode function layer,electrolyte and cathode on the metal substrate by thin file technology and continually optimize preparation process of MS-SOFC according to the different microstructure for porous electrode and dense electrolyte.For directly using CH 4 based fuel in MS-SOFC,nano-structured metallic support are prepared by infiltrating nano catalytic particles into metal support to improve CH 4 reforming activity and carbon resistance.In addition,an extra layer with high catalytic activity is applied on the metallic support to on-cell reform the hydrocarbon fuel and improve the stability of CH 4 fueled MS-SOFC.The objective of this article is to provide a critical and comprehensive review in the recent development of MS-SOFC,metallic support materials and fabrication process,as well as the key issue in direct CH 4 MS-SOFC.The issues raised by MS-SOFC fabrication process are also presented and analyzed to provide some guidelines in the search for new fabrication schemes for MS-SOFC.Emphasis will be placed on Ni-Fe alloy support SOFC with CH 4 fuel.The methods of enhancing the catalytic activity of metal support are proposed according to the characters of metal support.Finally,the development trends of metal support for direct methane SOFC are discussed.

关 键 词：金属支撑体 NI-FE合金 制备工艺 CH 4燃料 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM911.46[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]