城市“规模”偏小不利于经济增长吗?——两种借用规模视角下的再审视  

Does the small size of cities restrict economic growth?a re-examination from the perspective of two kinds of ‘borrowed-size’

作　　者：姚常成 宋冬林[2] 范欣[2,3] YAO Chang-cheng;SONG Dong-lin;FAN Xin(School of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China;School of Economics,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012,China;School of Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院,成都四川611130 [2]吉林大学经济学院,长春吉林130012 [3]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2020年第8期62-71,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：四川省社会科学基金青年项目“借用规模视角下成渝双城经济圈协调发展:微观机理、实证检验与实现路径研究”(批准号:SC20C039);城市群系统演化与可持续发展的决策模拟研究北京重点实验室2019年度开放基金“多中心空间结构促进城市群协调发展的作用机理研究”(批准号:MCR2019QN02);国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国先进制造业知识创新和技术创新耦合机制及其竞争力提升研究”(批准号:18BJL070)。

摘　　要：城市规模偏小是否就一定不利于其经济增长,推进大城市建设是否就一定能实现区域经济发展的可持续?关于此问题的争论从未间断,而相关的经验证据还有待进一步加强。基于2003—2016年我国283个地级市面板数据,采用面板双固定效应模型、空间计量模型、系统GMM模型以及面板门限模型等方法,在开放型城市系统模型的假设下,本文拟从绩效规模借用和功能规模借用的视角来再审视城市经济活动密度、人口规模与经济增长的关系,以此来破解中小城市高速增长难题。本文研究发现:①绩效规模借用能帮助中小城市实现超越其自身经济活动密度所能达到的集聚经济水平;而功能规模借用则能通过帮助中小城市实现更高等级职能专业化水平的方式,促进其经济快速增长。②此外,通达性水平的提升能同时强化这两种借用规模的作用效果。③最后,就借用规模的异质性表现来看,在城市群内部,中小城市以借用规模行为占主导,而大城市则以发挥集聚阴影作用为主。基于以上结论,本文主要政策建议如下:①政府在制定区域发展规划和交通网络规划时应该以城市群经济建设为目标,努力消除大中小城市的行政壁垒,实现大中小城市的共赢式发展。②城市群经济的建设可以以大城市为中心展开,同时以能充分发挥中小城市借用规模的思路来发展。Does the small size of cities have negative impact on the urban economic growth,but the construction of big cities is able to achieve regional economic sustainability?There is currently no empirical evidence for this question.Based on the panel data of 283 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2016,this article intends to examine the impact of economic activity density and urban size on urban economic growth from the perspective of Borrowed-Function and Borrowed-Performance.Using the two-way fixed effects model,spatial econometric model,system-GMM and threshold panel model,this article attempts to discuss and solve the problems of high-speed growth of small and medium-sized cities under the hypothesis of open-economy model.The results show that:①Borrowed-Performance can help small and medium-sized cities to break the limits of their own scale and ultimately realize a high level of agglomeration economy,while Borrowed-Function can achieve quick economic growth for small and medium-sized cities by enhancing the level of their functional specialization.②The improvement of accessibility can strengthen these effects of borrowed size.③In terms of the heterogeneity of borrowed size effect,small and medium-sized cities are dominated by borrowed size behavior,while large cities also bring agglomeration shadows on other cities.Based on the results above,this article mainly suggests that:①When proposing regional development plans and transportation network plans,the government should aim at building urban agglomeration economies through breaking the administrative barriers between big cities and small and medium-sized cities,and help to realize their win-win development.②In the development of urban agglomeration economies,large cities can function as centers,and the borrowed size behavior of small and medium cities should be cultivated as well.

关 键 词：城市规模 绩效规模借用 功能规模借用 集聚阴影 经济增长 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]