马太效应还是公平效应:家庭教育支出与教育结果不平等的异质性检验  

Matthew Effect or Equity Effect:Heterogeneity Test of Family Education Expenditure and Inequality of Educational Outcome

作　　者：方超[1] 黄斌[1] Chao Fang;Bin Huang(college of Public Administration,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《教育与经济》2020年第4期58-67,共10页Education & Economy

基　　金：2020年度江苏省社科基金重点委托项目“江苏普通高中优质均衡发展的实现路径及财政投入政策研究”(项目编号:20WTA001);江苏现代财税治理协同创新中心委托项目“江苏省普通高中优质均衡发展的实现路径及财政投入政策研究”(项目编号:19JSXT05);南京财经大学2019年度高等教育及改革发展重点课题“教育财政投入对家庭教育支出的影响机制研究”(项目编号:gigfb201906)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文基于中国教育追踪调查数据,利用条件分位数回归与广义分位数回归框架,实证检验了家庭教育支出对于认知能力的异质性影响。研究结果表明:基准回归验证了家庭教育支出能够显著促进学生认知能力发展;当假定学生的可观测特征相同时,条件分位数回归刻画了家庭教育支出对于学生认知能力的有条件影响表现为线性上升的过程,但放松这一假定时,广义分位数回归框架则揭示了家庭教育支出对于认知能力的无条件影响表现出“强者愈强,弱者愈弱”的“马太效应”,校外教育支出的“军备竞赛”扩大了教育结果的不平等。因此,优化家庭教育决策偏好、规范校外教育培训的市场化运作,将是推动教育结果均等化的政策落脚点。Based on the data of CEPS 2013~2014 provided by Renmin University of China,this paper empirically examines the heterogeneity of family education expenditure on cognitive ability using the Conditional Quantile Regression(CQR)and Generalized Quantile Regression(GQR).Benchmark regression reveals that family education expenditure can significantly promote development of students’cognitive ability;CQR depicts the conditional effect of family education expenditure on students’cognitive ability is similar to the curve of“N”by further heterogeneity analysis;GQR reveals that the unconditional influence of family education expenditure on cognitive ability shows the Matthew effect of the stronger the stronger,the weaker the weaker.The“arms race”of out-of-school education expenditure has widened the inequality of educational outcomes.Therefore,advocating reasonable preferences for family education decision-making as well as standardizing the market-oriented operation of off-campus education and training will be the policy destination to promote the equalization of educational outcomes.

关 键 词：家庭教育支出 教育结果 教育公平 教育人力资本 马太效应 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]