海域天然气水合物开采增产理论与技术体系展望  

Prospect of marine natural gas hydrate stimulation theory and technology system

作　　者：吴能友[1,2] 李彦龙 万义钊[1,2] 孙建业 黄丽 毛佩筱 WU Nengyou;LI Yanlong;WAN Yizhao;SUN Jianye;HUANG Li;MAO Peixiao(Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate,Ministry of Natural Resources//Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resource,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology-Qingdao,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室·中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室

出　　处：《天然气工业》2020年第8期100-115,共16页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“水合物试采、环境监测及综合评价应用示范”(编号:2017YFC0307600);山东省泰山学者特聘专家项目(编号:ts201712079);山东省自然科学基金项目“水力割缝对南海粉砂质水合物降压开采产能影响的数值模拟”(编号:ZR2019BD058)。

摘　　要：从量级尺度大幅度提高产能是实现天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)产业化开采的关键,而水合物开采能否产业化又取决于原地可采储量能否支撑产业化开采所需要的基本开采周期,以及开采产能能否达到当前产业化开采的标准。为了给水合物开发技术研究提供参考,从海域水合物增产理论与技术学科体系建设的角度,结合国内外水合物实验模拟和数值模拟研究成果,分析了潜在的水合物增产技术,提出了水合物开采增产的基本原理、评价方法及目前存在的技术瓶颈。研究结果表明:①复杂结构井、多井井网、新型开采方法、储层改造是实现天然气水合物增产的主要途径,其增产机理可归纳为扩大泄流面积、提高分解效率、改善渗流条件等三个方面;②复杂结构井和井网是提高水合物产能的根本,基于复杂结构井和井网系统辅助加热或进行储层改造,能从量级尺度提高水合物的产能;③制样技术、储层监测技术和力学场耦合技术是目前水合物增产基础研究的主要技术瓶颈,建议“十四五”期间国家水合物应用基础研究的重点应关注上述技术瓶颈。结论认为,以水平井或多分支井为代表的复杂结构井、以多井簇群井开采为代表的井网开采模式、以降压辅助热激发为主的开采新方法、以水力造缝为代表的储层改造技术的联合应用等,是实现水合物产能量级提升的关键。Improving productivity significantly in the scale of magnitude is the key to realize the industrial production of natural gas hydrate(NGH),and the industrialization of NGH production is dependent on whether or not in-situ recoverable reserves can support the basic production cycle of industrial production and whether or not productivity can reach the current standard of industrial production.In order to provide a reference for researching NGH development technologies,this paper analyzed potential NGH stimulation technologies and illustrated the basic principles,evaluation methods and existing technical bottlenecks of NGH stimulation from the perspective of marine NGH stimulation theory and technology system construction,combined with domestic and foreign research results of NGH experimental and numerical simulation.And the following research results were obtained.First,complex-structure wells,multi-well patterns,novel production methods and reservoir reconstruction are main approaches to NGH stimulation,and their stimulation mechanisms can be summarized from three aspects,i.e.,enlarging the drainage area,increasing the dissociation efficiency,and improving the seepage condition.Second,complex-structure wells and well patterns are fundamental to increase NGH productivity,and auxiliary heating based on complex-structure wells and well pattern systems or reservoir reconstruction can improve NGH productivity in the scale of magnitude.Third,sample preparation technology,reservoir monitoring technology and mechanical field coupling technology are currently the main technical bottlenecks in the basic studies of NGH stimulation,which shall be focused on in the national NGH application basic studies during the 14th Five-Year Plan.In conclusion,the joint application of complex-structure wells(horizontal wells and multi-lateral wells as the representatives),well-pattern production models(multi-cluster/group well production as the representative),novel production methods(depressurization assisted thermal excitation as the do

关 键 词：海域天然气水合物 产业化开采 增产理论和技术 复杂结构井 井网 降压辅助热激发 水力造缝 储集层改造 

分 类 号：TE53[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]