成人原发肾病综合征并发急性肾损伤危险因素分析  

Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury Complicating Adult Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

作　　者：周燕琳 杜晓刚[1] ZHOU Yanlin;DU Xiaogang(Department of Nephrology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400042,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院肾内科,重庆400042

出　　处：《中国医学科学院学报》2020年第4期436-443,共8页Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81370816)。

摘　　要：目的探讨成人原发肾病综合征患者继发急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素,为临床早期发现肾病综合征继发AKI并及早防治提供指导。方法纳入符合标准的185例成人原发性肾病综合征患者为研究对象,按照是否并发AKI分为AKI组(n=51)和非AKI组(n=134)。比较AKI组和非AKI组患者入院时的临床病理特征,通过多因素Logistics回归分析评价患者发生AKI的独立危险因素。结果51例原发肾病综合征并发AKI的患者中,发生AKI的病理类型依次为肾小球轻微病变(29.4%)、IgA肾病(25.5%)、膜性肾病(17.6%),且肾脏病理中AKI组出现肾小管蛋白管型、上皮细胞空泡变显著高于非AKI组(P=0.004,P=0.030)。与女性相比,男性肾病综合征患者更易发生AKI(P=0.000)。与非AKI组比较,AKI组患者白蛋白水平更低(P=0.015),随机尿蛋白、入院时血肌酐、尿酸、尿素氮、三酰甘油水平更高(P=0.030,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.006),且更易伴随多浆膜腔积液、少尿、高血压及感染(P=0.000,P=0.002,P=0.035,P=0.000)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,入院时白蛋白(<25 g/L)、血肌酐(>96μmol/L)、尿素氮(≥6.8 mmol/L)、尿酸(≥400μmol/L)、糖尿病、感染、肾小管蛋白管型是影响AKI发生的独立危险因素。结论成人原发肾病综合征并发AKI与多种因素相关,其中入院时白蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮及尿酸水平、糖尿病、感染、肾小管蛋白管型为AKI发生的独立危险因素。Objective To explore the risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)in adult primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods Totally 185 patients with PNS were divided into AKI group(n=51)and non-AKI group(n=134).The demographic data and clinical and histological features at admission were compared between the two groups.The independent risk factors for AKI were evaluated by Logistics regression analysis.Results In 51 PNS patients with AKI,the common pathological types of AKI included minor glomerular abnormalities(29.4%),IgA nephropathy(25.5%),and membranous nephropathy(17.6%).The incidences of renal tubular casts and epithelial vacuoles in the AKI group were significantly higher than those in the non-AKI group(P=0.004,P=0.030).Males were more likely to suffer from AKI than females(P=0.000).Patients in AKI group had significantly lower albumin level(P=0.015)and higher levels of random urine protein,serum creatinine,uric acid,urea nitrogen,and triglyceride than non-AKI group(P=0.030,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.000,and P=0.006),and polyserous and oliguria occurred more often in the AKI group(P=0.000,P=0.002).The AKI group had significantly higher incidences of high blood pressure and infections(P=0.035,P=0.000).Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed albumin(<25 g/L),serum creatinine(>96μmol/L),urea nitrogen(≥6.8 mmol/L),uric acid(≥400μmol/L),diabetes,infection,and renal tubular casts were the independent risk factors for AKI.Conclusions AKI complicating PNS is associated with a variety of factors.Its independent risk factors include the levles of albumin,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,and uric acid,diabetes,infections,and renal tubular casts.

关 键 词：肾病综合征 原发肾病综合征 急性肾损伤 急性肾衰竭 成人 

分 类 号：R692[医药卫生—泌尿科学]