我国著作权法下的“计算机生成之作品”  

Computer-Generated Works under Chinese Copyright Law

作　　者：何怀文[1] He Huaiwen(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第3期45-62,共18页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江大学光华法学院人工智能与法学专项课题(18ZDFX002)。

摘　　要：我国著作权法遵循“人创造作品”的根本规则,不承认“表观独创性”。“创作”是认定作品的前提条件,其评判要求深入特定作品的形成过程,考察所涉智力劳动的性质。计算机程序的设计人不是计算机生成之作品的创作者,除非其智力创作活动在直接产生计算机程序之外,还直接产生计算机输出之文学艺术表现形式。计算机程序的使用人可能成为计算机生成之作品的创作者,只要他是利用数据输入和结果输出之间的因果关系,创作性地选择数据输入计算机程序进而生成作品。计算机生成之客体如果没有创作过程,则本质上是数字产品,也不应享有相关权益,而应排除于著作权法保护之外。Artificial intelligence(AI)is producing a new wave of innovation and creativity.AI is generating works bearing semblance of human-created works and thus has posed novel challenges to copyright law.Neither investment in developing an″AI author″nor its semblance to human-created works justifies the copyright for computer-generated works(CGWs).First and foremost,copyright subsists in works of human intellectual creation.This requirement is inherent in Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works,Chinese copyright law as well as copyright laws of countries which have either copyright or author s right tradition.Even though a legal person may be the initial owner of copyright,they are never recognized as having created any copyright work.Neither are their ownership of copyright grounded on financial investment.Instead,such ownership is normally founded on an implicit agreement with the human author(s)of the work.Investment justifies no ownership of copyright even under UK Copyright Law where computer-generated works(CGWs)are treated as a new category of copyright works,of which there is no human author.The copyright of CGWs is owned not by the investor,but by their deemed author″the person by whom arrangements necessary for the creation of the work are undertaken″.Financial investment is substitutable and thus not″arrangements necessary for the creation″of CGWs.Neither do Chinese courts focus on investment in developing AI when approaching CGWs.Rather,they look for human intellectual creation.CGWs may not be assimilated to human-created works for their semblance.The so-called″objective originality test″will reduce the requirement of original intellectual creation to objective difference from existing matter.It would destroy the legal distinction between copyright and related rights in Chinese Copyright Law,the subject matter of the former being works of authorship and that of the latter being outside intellectual creation.In assessing originality,Chinese courts normally investigat

关 键 词：计算机生成之作品 独创性 创作 著作权 相关权益 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]