试论古文字资料对上古汉语词汇研究的启示  

Enlightenment of Unearthed Documents on the Study of Ancient Chinese Vocabulary

作　　者：边田钢 Bian Tiangang(School of Humanities and Communication,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学人文与传播学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第3期171-184,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省社科基金项目(18NDJC154YB);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目之子项目(19JJD740006);国家社科基金后期资助项目(17FYY002)。

摘　　要：古文字资料真实地保留着上古汉语文字构形、形义关系、辞例方面的原貌,对上古汉语词汇研究具有如下启示:古文字构形证据为训释词义提供线索;古文字形义关系为训释词义提供参证;出土文献辞例为判定词性和词义框定范围。处在出土文献与古文字资料不断涌现的当代,积极运用古文字资料进行上古典籍词汇研究是可行的,也是必要的。At the beginning of creation and distribution,ancient literature was written in ancient characters.Characters are the carrier of vocabulary.Therefore,in order to have a deeper understanding of the ancient Chinese vocabulary system,it is necessary to have a basic knowledge of ancient Chinese characters.In the era of great discovery of ancient written materials,we have unique advantages in using ancient written materials to study ancient Chinese vocabulary.Some of the problems of ancient Chinese vocabulary which are difficult to solve from the perspective of past handed-down documents are expected to be explained reasonably by unearthed documents.The unearthed documents have three enlightenments for the study of ancient Chinese vocabulary.(1)Ancient documents were written in the form of ancient characters at the beginning of their creation and dissemination,among which there may be traces of the characters of the six countries in the documents of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.It has been proved that it is feasible to collate and interpret the difficult words in the handed down documents according to the unearthed ancient character materials of the same time and region.The handed down version of Mu Tianzi Zhuan was unearthed in the tomb of Wei Xiangwang(so-called″Ji Zhong″),and its characters should belong to the so-called″San Jin System″.In Volume 6 of this book,″狎″″狃″are mistakes of″■ ″.″■ ″is the special structure of″田(畋)″in San Jin area.(2)There are significant differences in the correspondence between the glyph and lexicon of ancient Chinese and its descendants.Some of the relationships between glyph and lexicon of ancient Chinese have not been changed by the standardization of descendants,so it has become a difficult problem for lexical interpretation to retain them in the handed down literature.The evidence of the relationship between glyph and lexicon retained in the unearthed documents provides a valuable reference for solving these vocabu

关 键 词：上古汉语 出土文献 古文字 词汇训诂 形义关系 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语] K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]