工业制冷剂HFC-134a生产过程职业病危害现场调查及关键控制点分析  

Field investigation of occupational hazard and analysis on its critical control segment in production of industrial refrigerant HFC-134a

作　　者：王伟 罗娟 王冰 毋尧 徐丹丹 杜文霞 刘亚杰 WANG Wei;LUO Juan;WANG Bing;WU Yao;XU Dan-dan;DU Wen-xia;LIU Ya-jie(No.7 Lab,Institute of Industrial Hygiene of Ordance Industry,Xi'an Shaanxi,710065;No.2 Audit Department,Institution of Health and Family Planning Supervision of Chang’an District of Xi’an City,Xi'an Shaanxi,710100,China)

机构地区：[1]兵器工业卫生研究所科研七室,陕西西安710065 [2]西安市长安区卫生计生综合监督所稽查二科,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第12期1615-1619,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解工业制冷剂1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素分布及接触水平,确定该行业生产过程中的职业病危害关键控制点。方法 2019年6月,依据国家职业卫生采样分析标准规范,采用职业卫生现场调查法、职业卫生检测法和系统工程分析法对西安市某工业制冷剂HFC-134a生产企业进行综合分析。结果 HFC-134a制冷剂生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素包括氟化氢、氯化氢、三氯乙烯、氢氧化钠、噪声和高温。现场检测及测量结果表明,正常生产过程中各工种接触氟化氢浓度为0.04~0.09 mg/m^3,接触三氯乙烯浓度均<0.30 mg/m^3,接触氯化氢浓度为0.11~0.17 mg/m^3,接触氢氧化钠浓度为0.02~0.05mg/m^3,合格率均为100%;接触噪声的8 h等效声级为53.5~83.9 dB(A),合格率为75.0%;接触高温的时间加权平均湿球黑球温度(■)指数为27.9℃,合格率为100.0%。结论 HFC-134a生产过程的关键控制点为物料泄漏、物料装卸及产品灌装。生产企业应加强职业卫生应急救援设施的日常维护,做好个人防护用品的发放及监督,定期开展员工职业卫生知识和技能培训,配备必要的防酸碱灼伤、烫伤和冻伤的应急药品。Objective To understand the distribution of occupational hazards and the exposure levels of works in production of industrial refrigerant 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(HFC-134 a),determine the critical control segments of occupational hazards in this manufacturing process. Methods In June 2019,according to the national standard for sampling and analysis of occupational health,the comprehensive analysis of industrial refrigerant HFC-134 a production enterprise in Xi’an City was carried out by the methods of occupational health field investigation,occupational health testing and system engineering analysis. Results The occupational hazard factors in the production of industrial refrigerant HFC-134 a included hydrogen fluoride,hydrogen chloride,trichloroethylene,sodium hydroxide,noise and high temperature. Field test and measurement results showed that the concentration of jobs exposure to hydrogen fluoride in the normal production process was 0.04-0.09 mg/m3,and that of trichloroethylene,hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide was respectively <0.30,0.11-0.17 and 0.02-0.05 mg/m3,and all qualified rates were100%. The 8-hour equivalent sound level to noise was 53.5-83.9 dB(A),with the qualified rate of 75. 0 %. The time weighted average wet bulb temperature(■) to high temperature was 27.9 ℃,with the qualified rate of 100. 0 %. Conclusion The critical control segments in the production of HFC-134 a are material leaking,material handing and product filling. Production enterprise should strengthen the daily maintenance of occupational health emergency rescue facilities,improve the distribution and supervision of personal protective equipment,regularly carry out occupational health knowledge and skills training for employees,and provide necessary emergency drugs to prevent acid and alkali burns,scalds and frostbite.

关 键 词：1 1 1 2-四氟乙烷 职业病危害 关键控制点 

分 类 号：R134+.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]