德阳市老年人养老方式意愿及服务需求  

Endowment models selection and service demands among elderly people in Deyang City

作　　者：刘祯帆 代萍[1] 严晓婷 陈春会 龙霖[2] LIU Zhen-fan;DAI Ping;YAN Xiao-ting;CHEN Chun-hui;LONG Lin(Department of Nursing,People’s Hospital of Deyang City,Deyang,Sichuan,618000,China;School of Nursing,North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong Sichuan,618000,China)

机构地区：[1]德阳市人民医院护理部,四川德阳618000 [2]川北医学院护理学院,四川南充637000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第12期1643-1646,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：全国高等医学教育学会护理教育分会教育科学基金项目(GJHL16001)。

摘　　要：目的调查德阳市老年人养老方式意愿的现状及养老服务需求,并分析影响养老意愿的因素,为相关部门制定有效措施,缓解养老压力提供参考。方法 2019年2—9月采取方便抽样,选取德阳市下辖区县517名老年人作为调查对象,进行问卷调查。结果 517名调查对象中,74.9%的养老方式意愿是家庭养老,13.7%是机构养老,11.4%是社区居家养老;养老服务需求中,选择最多的是紧急救助、医疗保健、生活照料;单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、居住地、子女个数、医疗保险类型、月收入、慢性疾病个数、面临养老困难个数对老年人养老方式意愿均有影响(均P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度越高、子女个数越少的老年人越容易选择机构养老和社区居家养老;月收入越高的老年人越容易选择社区居家养老;面临养老困难越多的老年人越容易选择机构养老。结论传统家庭养老目前依旧是老年人的主要养老意愿,机构养老和社区居家养老的比例相对而言有一定的提升;老年人最希望得到的养老服务依次是紧急救助、医疗保健、生活照料;努力建设以家庭养老为基础,医养结合,机构养老和社区居家养老等多元化协调发展的养老方式,对实现健康老龄化、构建健康中国有积极作用。Objective To investigate the status of endowment models selection and service demands among elderly people in Deyang City,analyze the factors that affect the endowment models selection,and provide reference for relevant departments to formulate effective measures to alleviate the pressure of elderly care. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to collect 517 elderly people in districts and counties of Deyang City from February to September 2019,to conduct the questionnaire survey. Results In the 517 people,the percentage of old people selecting family endowment,institution endowment and community home care was 74.9%,13.7% and 11.4%,respectively.Emergency assistance,medical care and life care were the most popular service demands for the elderly. Single factor analysis showed that different education level,places of residence,number of children,type of medical insurance,monthly income,number of chronic diseases and number of difficulties in elderly care had an impact on the elderly’s endowment models selection(all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly with higher education degree and fewer children were more likely to choose institution endowment and community home care,the elderly with higher monthly income were more likely to choose community home care,and the elderly facing the more difficulties were more likely to choose institution endowment. Conclusion The traditional family endowment is still the main selection of endowment models selection among elderly,and the proportion of institution endowment and community home care has increased relatively.The most popular service demands are emergency assistance,medical care and daily care. Building a diversified and coordinated way of elderly care based on family endowment,combined medical care with nursing care,complicated with institution endowment and community home care will play a positive role in realizing healthy aging and building a healthy China.

关 键 词：老年人 养老意愿 养老需求 养老服务 

分 类 号：R181.37[医药卫生—流行病学]