短生育期‘骄阳’百合的育性分析及2n配子诱导  

Fertility analysis and 2n gametes induction of Lilium FA hybrids ‘Jiaoyang’ in short growth period

作　　者：朴美玲 贾桂霞[1] 张冬梅 Piao Meiling;Jia Guixia;Zhang Dongmei(Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation&Molecular Breeding,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education,School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites,Shanghai 200231,China)

机构地区：[1]花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,城乡生态环境北京实验室,林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [2]上海市园林科学规划研究院,上海200232

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2020年第7期106-112,共7页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001002);国家自然科学基金项目(31772348);北京林业大学建设世界一流学科和特色发展引导专项(2019XKJS0323);上海市科委项目(17DZ1201800)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究百合远缘杂种‘骄阳’百合的花粉与雌配子的育性,通过诱导提高、恢复配子的育性,在多倍体优秀种质渗入育种中加以应用。【方法】以‘骄阳’百合为试验材料,通过醋酸洋红染色法观测花粉育性,观察其花粉母细胞减数分裂进程,采用秋水仙素注射法诱导2n配子,通过与兰州百合杂交以验证2n花粉育性;为探究雌配子的育性,以‘骄阳’百合为母本与兰州百合杂交,通过直接授粉法与切割柱头授粉法,以子房膨大率、有胚种子数、发芽率加以衡量雌配子的育性。【结果】‘骄阳’百合在花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在染色体与细胞质不均等分离的现象,产生大量非整倍体小孢子,不能发育成可育的花粉,雄配子没有育性。通过秋水仙素处理后,产生部分有活力的2n花粉,适宜的秋水仙素诱导浓度为0.10%,最高诱导率为86.00%,与兰州百合杂交时未能结实。当‘骄阳’百合作母本与兰州百合杂交时可以结实,雌配子具有育性并产生非整倍配子,通过切割柱头法授粉,子房膨大率由11.91%提高至65.02%。【结论】‘骄阳’百合的花粉不育,利用秋水仙素可以诱导2n花粉的产生并恢复一定的育性;而雌配子可育,作为母本杂交能获得有胚种子并发芽。研究‘骄阳’百合的育性有助于进一步对不同杂种系间百合进行种质渗入,对培育综合性状优良的百合新品种具有重要价值。[Objective]This paper aims to explore the fertility of pollen and female gametes of Lilium FA hybrids‘Jiaoyang’,and to improve and restore the fertility of gametes by artificial induction,so as to apply it in polyploid introgression breeding.[Method]The pollen fertility of L.FA hybrids‘Jiaoyang’was observed by the method of acetic acid magenta staining,and the process of meiosis of its pollen mother cells was observed.2 n gametes were induced by colchicine injection,and 2 n pollen fertility was verified by hybridization with L.davidii var.unicolor.In order to explore the fertility of female gametes,L.FA hybrids‘Jiaoyang’was used as female parents crossed with L.davidii var.unicolor through direct pollination and cut-style method.The fertility of female gametes was measured by the expansion rate of ovary,the number of embryo seeds and the germination rate.[Result]During the meiosis of pollen mother cells,there were unequal segregation of chromosomes and cytoplasm in L.FA hybrids‘Jiaoyang’,which produced a large number of aneuploid microspores,could not develop into fertile pollen,resulting in no fertility.After colchicine treatment,some 2 n pollen was produced.The optimum concentration of colchicine was 0.10%,and the highest induction rate was 86.00%.The female gametes were fertile and produced aneuploidy gametes.By cut-style method,the ovary expansion rate increased from 11.91%to 65.02%.[Conclusion]Colchicine can induce 2 n pollen production and restore certain fertility in the pollen of L.FA hybrids‘Jiaoyang’,while the female gametes can be fertile,and the embryo seeds can be obtained and germinated crossed as the female parent.The study on the fertility of L.FA hybrids‘Jiaoyang’is helpful for further introgression among different groups of lilies,and is of great value for cultivating new varieties with excellent comprehensive characters.

关 键 词：百合 育性 2n配子 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S688.9[农业科学—观赏园艺] Q949.718.23[农业科学—园艺学]