小麦蚕豆间作体系氮素吸收累积动态及其种间氮素竞争关系  

Dynamics of N acquisition and accumulation and its interspecific N competition in a wheat-faba bean intercropping system

作　　者：刘振洋 吴鑫雨 汤利[1] 郑毅[1,2] 李海叶 潘浩男 朱东宇 王静静 黄少欣 覃潇敏 肖靖秀 LIU Zhen-yang;WU Xin-yu;TANG Li;ZHENG Yi;LI Hai-ye;PAN Hao-nan;ZHU Dong-yu;WANG Jing-jing;HUANG Shao-xin;QIN Xiao-min;XIAO Jing-xiu(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Open University,Kunming 650599,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南开放大学,云南昆明650599

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第7期1284-1294,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760611,31560581);云南农业基础联合专项(2018FG 001-071)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究小麦//蚕豆间作地上部的氮含量和吸收量,明确不同氮水平下小麦//蚕豆间作的氮吸收累积特征,解析间作小麦和蚕豆种间氮素竞争关系。【方法】田间试验采用两因素随机区组试验设计,设置3个种植模式(单作小麦,单作蚕豆及小麦//蚕豆间作)及4个氮水平(N0,N1,N2,N3),其中小麦的4个施氮量依次为0、90、180、270 kg/hm2,蚕豆的4个施氮量依次为0、45、90、135 kg/hm2。测定了单间作小麦和蚕豆的产量、地上部氮累积含量,利用Logistic模型模拟小麦蚕豆的氮吸收关键参数及氮吸收动态,分析了间作小麦和蚕豆的氮素竞争关系。【结果】小麦//蚕豆间作整体平均提高小麦产量33.4%(除N3外)、降低蚕豆产量20.7%,N0和N1水平下,间作具有显著产量优势。通过Logistic模型分析发现,间作条件下小麦的氮吸收高峰比蚕豆晚1219天。4个氮水平下,间作主要提高了小麦最大氮累积量(A)、最大氮吸收速率(Rmax)和初始氮吸收速率(r),却降低了蚕豆的A、达到最大氮吸收速率所需的时间(Tmax)和Rmax。在营养生长阶段,小麦的氮素竞争力低于蚕豆,施氮可提高小麦的氮素吸收量。从施氮水平和种植模式共同作用角度分析,N0、N1和N2水平下,间作分别提高小麦的Rmax 34.1%、44.6%和21.0%。因此,当小麦达到氮吸收高峰后,间作分别提高小麦氮吸收速率和氮素累积量15.1%48.4%和9.2%28.9%,却降低蚕豆氮吸收速率和氮素累积量7.3%28.4%和7.9%14.0%。此时,间作小麦氮素竞争力大于蚕豆,在N1水平下小麦的氮素竞争力最强。【结论】小麦//蚕豆间作提高了小麦的初始及最大氮素吸收速率(r和Rmax),提高了小麦生殖生长阶段的氮素吸收和累积,是间作小麦产量优势的基础。优化氮肥投入量,可调控小麦和蚕豆的种间竞争及互补关系,是小麦//蚕豆间作体系产量优势形成、氮素高效吸收利用的关键。【Objectives】We studied the nitrogen(N)content and N uptake of intercropping wheat and faba bean to clarify the relationship in nitrogen competition and accumulation between wheat and faba bean under different N application levels,so to propose a scientific nitrogen management for the intercropping system.【Methods】A field experiment of two factors with randomized block design was conducted under wheat monocropped,faba bean monocropped and wheat and faba bean intercropping conditions,and the four N levels were 0,90,180 and270 kg/hm2 for wheat and 0,45,90,135 kg/hm2 for faba bean.Both grain yield and above-ground N accumulation of wheat and faba bean were measured,and Logistic model was used to simulate the key N uptake parameters and N uptake dynamics.The N competition capacity between intercropping wheat and fababean was analyzed.【Results】The yield of wheat was increased by 33.4%,but faba bean yield was decreased by 20.7%in the intercropping system,as compared to corresponding mono-cropping.However,the intercropped wheat and faba bean had a yield advantage under N0 and N1 levels(LER>1).Through Logistic model analysis,the peak N uptake of wheat was 12–19 days later than that of faba bean.Intercropping increased the maximum N accumulation(A),the maximum N uptake rate(Rmax)and the initial N uptake rate(r)of wheat,but decreased the A,the time needed to reach the maximum N uptake rate(Tmax)and Rmax of faba bean under the four N levels.During the vegetative growth stage,intercropping tended to decrease N uptake and accumulation of wheat,and the N competitiveness of wheat was lower than that of faba bean in intercropping,but N application could improve the N competitiveness of wheat.Intercropping increased Rmax of wheat by 34.1%,44.6%,21.0%under N0,N1 and N2 levels due to the interaction between N level and planting pattern,respectively.Thus,when wheat reached its N uptake peak,intercropping increased the N uptake rate and N accumulation of wheat by15.1%–48.4%and 9.2%–28.9%,but decreased those values of

关 键 词：小麦蚕豆间作 产量优势 LOGISTIC模型 氮吸收关键参数 氮素竞争力 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S643.6