溴苯腈与精喹禾灵混用对亚麻的安全性及控草效果  

Safety and weed control efficiency of bromoxynil mixed with quizalofop-p-ethyl on flax

作　　者：邬腊梅 杨浩娜 柏连阳 WU Lamei;YANG Haona;BAI Lianyang(Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业生物技术研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《农药学学报》2020年第4期627-634,共8页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-16-E19);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019CT5009);杂草生物学与安全防控湖南省重点实验室(2015TP1016);杂草生物学与绿色防控创新团队(2019LS05,2019TD03).

摘　　要：为筛选防控亚麻田杂草的安全高效药剂,采用喷雾法,通过室内生物测定和田间试验测定了溴苯腈和精喹禾灵混用对亚麻的安全性和对亚麻田杂草的防效,并研究了除草剂混用对亚麻产量的影响。结果表明:在室内条件下,溴苯腈与精喹禾灵按有效成分含量375~450 g/hm^2混用,施药后21 d,亚麻无药害症状,当用量增至675 g/hm^2时,亚麻苗失绿症状明显,有烧叶现象,呈中度药害中毒症状;二者混用对稗草Echinochloa crusgalli和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus的选择性系数均为1.42,高于对照药剂2甲4氯钠(其对稗草和反枝苋的选择性系数分别为0.53和0.85),表明该混用药剂在亚麻田应用存在潜在的药害风险,在保证除草效果的前提下,须严格控制其用量;该混用药剂以有效成分371.25 g/hm^2在田间应用时,药后35 d对亚麻田杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均达85%以上,亚麻株高平均增加42.33 cm,高于对照药剂溴苯腈(株高增加40.93 cm)、精喹禾灵(株高增加41.80 cm)和空白对照(株高增加39.07 cm),且平均鲜重比单用溴苯腈和精喹禾灵分别提高2.7%和4.6%,比空白对照提高8.3%。表明溴苯腈与精喹禾灵混用可以用于防治亚麻田禾本科和阔叶杂草,但为了防止药害的发生,应严格控制用量,并使用防护罩喷头进行定向喷雾。In order to screen safe and efficient of herbicides for the control of weeds in flax field, the safety and control efficiency of bromoxynil mixed with quizalofop-p-ethyl against weed in flax field were determined by indoor bioassay and field experiments, and the yields was also studied. The results showed that the mixture of bromoxynil and quizalofop-p-ethyl had no toxic effect on flax at 375-450 g a.i./hm^2, 21 days after the application under laboratory conditions. When the dosage increased to 675 g a.i./hm^2, the phytotoxicity on the seedlings was observed. The selectivity index of mixture to Echinochloa crusgalli and Amaranthus retroflexus were both 1.42, which was higher than the value of MCPA-Na(0.53, 0.85). This result indicated that there was potential hazard risk for the application in flax field, and the dosage of the mixture should be strictly controlled. In the field application, the average increase of flax height, 35 days after treatment, was 42.33 cm, which was higher than that of the control(bromoxynil: 40.93 cm;quizalofop-p-ethyl: 41.80 cm) and the blank control(39.07 cm).Compared to the application of bromoxynil or quizalofop-p-ethyl alone, the average fresh weight of flax treated by the mixture was increased by 2.7% and 4.6% respectively, which was 8.3% higher than that of the blank control. Therefore, the mixture of bromoxynil and quizalofop-p-ethyl can be used to control Gramineae and broad-leaved weeds in flax fields. In order to prevent the occurrence of phytotoxicity,the dosage should be strictly controlled. Besides, the directional spray should be carried out with the protective cover sprinkler.

关 键 词：溴苯腈 精喹禾灵 农药混用 亚麻安全性 控草效果 

分 类 号：S563.2[农业科学—作物学]