论沿海国对其专属经济区内刑事案件的管辖  

On Criminal Jurisdiction of Coastal States in the Exclusive Economic Zone

作　　者：马光[1] 孙梦怡 Ma Guang;Sun Mengyi(School of Law of Guanghua,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期30-39,共10页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“人类命运共同体理念融入国际海洋法体系研究”(18VHQ002);浙江大学“国际合作区域拓展计划-一带一路国家合作项目经费”。

摘　　要：国家管辖海域关系到一国的国防安全,沿海国对发生在其专属经济区的刑事案件进行管辖,有利于维护沿海国主权权利,保护国家利益。《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)虽然规定了沿海国与其他国家在专属经济区内的权利义务关系,但并未明确规定专属经济区内的刑事管辖权。通过对《公约》相关条款的解读发现,《公约》对沿海国在专属经济区行使刑事管辖权予以肯定,同时加以一定限制。沿海国可依据《公约》相关条款及其国内相关法律法规,主张专属经济区内的刑事管辖权。然而,目前各国国内法和司法实践对专属经济区内刑事案件管辖的立场各不相同。我国现行刑事立法有关专属经济区的刑事管辖权仍然存在法律不完善、管辖权受限制、与他国管辖冲突等问题。本文从沿海国对其专属经济区内刑事案件进行管辖的依据出发,从制度层面,对现存相关国际法和国内法进行梳理和分析,结合案例,对完善我国对专属经济区内刑事管辖制度提出一些建议。Sea areas under national jurisdiction are related to national security.Coastal states’jurisdiction over criminal cases occurring in the exclusive economic zone(EEZ)is conducive to safeguarding sovereign rights and protecting national interests.Although the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)stipulates the rights and obligations of coastal states and other states in the EEZ,criminal jurisdiction is not clearly stipulated.Through the interpretation of the relevant provisions,it is found that the UNCLOS affirms,and in the meantime,restricts the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by coastal states in the EEZ.Coastal states should claim criminal jurisdiction in the EEZ in accordance with the relevant provisions of the UNCLOS and relevant domestic laws and regulations.However,at present,the domestic laws and judicial practices of states vary in their stand on criminal jurisdiction.There are still some issues to be discussed in China’s current criminal legislation regarding the criminal jurisdiction of the EEZ,such as limited jurisdiction and conflicts with the jurisdiction of other states.Based on jurisdiction over criminal cases in the EEZ of coastal states,this paper sorts out and analyzes the existing relevant international laws and domestic laws from the system level,and puts forward suggestions on improving China’s criminal jurisdiction system in the EEZ in combination with case studies.

关 键 词：专属经济区 沿海国 刑事管辖权 《联合国海洋法公约》 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]