中国传统政治的特定情感与结构主体——以“贾谊悲剧”为例  

The Specific Emotion and Structural Subject of Traditional Chinese Politics: Take the “Tragedy of Jia Yi”as an Example

作　　者：张树平[1,2] Zhang Shuping

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院政治与公共管理研究所 [2]上海社会科学院远复历史政治学研究中心

出　　处：《东南学术》2020年第5期167-184,248,共19页Southeast Academic Research

基　　金：2015年度马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重大项目“‘四个全面’战略布局研究”(项目编号:2015MZD004);国家社会科学基金青年项目“我国民主建构中的传统政治文化资源及其转化研究”(项目编号:13CZZ016);上海社会科学院院课题“‘贾谊悲剧’与‘平情之治’:中国传统国家治理的一种历史政治学研究”。

摘　　要：中国传统政治形态与某种特定的政治情感现象及其流变具有内在的关联性。"贾谊悲剧"正是这样一种内生于中国传统政治结构的特定的政治情感现象。首先,贾谊代表了中国传统政治结构演进中一类特定政治主体的生成,即春秋战国至秦汉帝国之间的一种新型士大夫阶层的出现,这种特定政治主体意味着现实政治世界特别是政治结构与政治伦理的深刻变化;其次,"贾谊悲剧"的四大政治要素即贾生之才、文帝之贤、知而不遇、物伤其类,说明"贾谊悲剧"不仅仅是一种具体的、偶然的、个人的悲剧,而且是一种源于中国传统政治结构的、跨越时空的集体建构的"类悲剧";再次,"贾谊悲剧"深刻体现了一种与中国传统政治在本质上相关联的政治情感之流,亦即"忠—忧—悲—怨"的情感流动,这种情感之流源于政治与情感的密切互动;最后,基于这种政治与情感的互动,中国传统政治形态中的治国之道呈现为一种"平情之治"的独特景观。在传统中国向现代中国转变过程中,这种"情治"传统依然发生着重要作用;而在国家治理现代化过程中,这种传统依然需要被正视并超越。The traditional political form of China is intrinsically relevant to a phenomenon of some specific political emotion and its evolution. The "tragedy of Jia Yi"is just a phenomenon of specific political emotion inherent in the traditional political structure of China. First of all,Jia Yi represented the emergence of a specific political subject in the evolution of traditional Chinese political structure,namely,the emergence of a new class of scholar-officials between the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods and the Qin and Han Dynasties. This specific political subject indicates a profound change in the real political world,especially in the political structure and political ethics. Secondly,the four political elements of"tragedy of Jia Yi",namely the talent of Jia Sheng,the virtue of Emperor Wen,the fact that one cannot find? a? superior? appreciative? of? one’s? ability and that all beings grieve for their fellow beings,demonstrate that it is not only a specific,accidental and personal tragedy,but also a kind of "quasi-tragedy"of collective construction that originates from the traditional Chinese political structure and spans across time and space. Thirdly,the interpretation of"tragedy of Jia Yi"profoundly reflects a stream of political emotion that is essentially related to Chinese traditional politics,namely a "loyalty-concern-sorrow-resentment"emotional stream,which originates from close interaction between politics and emotion. Finally,based on the interaction between politics and emotion,the way of governing the country in the traditional Chinese political form presents a unique landscape of"fair rather than sentimental governance",which still plays an important role in the process of transformation from traditional China to modern China;and we need to face up to this tradition and transcend it in the process of modernization of national governance.

关 键 词：政治情感 平情之治 结构主体 

分 类 号：K03[历史地理—历史学]