饲料钙含量及组成对生长猪增重表现的影响  

Effect of dietary calcium on growth performance of growing pigs

作　　者：S.A.Lee L.V.Lagos H.H.Stein S.A.Lee;L.V.Lagos;H.H.Stein

机构地区：[1]伊利诺依大学动物科学系,美国伊利诺伊州61801 [2]伊利诺依大学营养科学系,美国伊利诺伊州61801

出　　处：《饲料工业》2020年第16期58-64,共7页Feed Industry

摘　　要：全价日粮中各原料的标准总肠道消化率(STTD)值被认为是可加和的。因此,使用钙和磷的STTD值可以得到最优的饲料配方,且钙补充剂和饲料原料中钙的STTD值已见报道。通过向猪日粮中补充外源植酸酶,饲料原料中钙的STTD可能会增加,因此,不添加植酸酶或添加植酸酶也可获得的STTD值。与生长猪相比,母猪对钙和磷的STTD值较低,表明使用生长猪获得的STTD值为母猪配制饲料结果可能并不准确。近年来通过基于从生长猪获得的STTD钙值,来进行试验测定STTD钙的需求。试验结果表明,增加日粮中钙的浓度会降低采食量,从而降低猪的平均日增重。在磷含量较低的日粮中,过量钙对生长性能的负面影响更为明显,但可通过增加日粮中高于需求的磷来改善。因此,可以得出结论,STTD Ca和STTD P之间的比例对于优化猪的生长性能至关重要。不同体重组猪的STTD Ca和STTD P之间的估计比率表明,随着猪体重从11 kg增加到130 kg,最大化生长性能的STTD Ca和STTD P比率从1.40:1降低到1.10:1,而随着猪体重的增加,STTD Ca:STTD P比率最大化骨灰分含量从1.70:1增加到2.30:1。结果还表明,优化猪的生长性能比最大化骨灰分对日粮钙的需要更少。因此,种猪可能比育肥猪对日粮钙和日粮磷有更高的需求。Values for standardized total tract digestibility(STTD)are believed to be additive in a complete diet.Therefore,use of values for STTD of Ca and P results in the most accurate diet formulations and values for the STTD of Ca in Ca supplements and feed ingredients have been reported.By supplementing exogenous phytase to swine diets,the STTD of Ca in feed ingredients may increase and,therefore,the STTD values without or with phytase are also available.Values for the STTD of Ca and P by sows are reduced compared with growing pigs,indicating that formulating diets for sows using the STTD values that were obtained using growing pigs may result in inaccuracies.Based on the STTD Ca values obtained from growing pigs,experiments have been conducted to determine the requirement for STTD Ca by growing pigs in recent years.Results of the experiments have demonstrated that increasing concentrations of dietary Ca reduces feed intake and,therefore,reduces average daily gain of pigs.The negative effects of excess Ca on growth performance is more pronounced in diets with marginal P,butit may be ameliorated by increasing dietary P above the requirement.Therefore,it was concluded that the ratio between STTD Ca and STTD P is very important to optimize growth performance of pigs.The estimated ratios between STTD Ca and STTD P at different weight groups of pigs indicated that the STTD Ca􀏑STTD P ratio to maximize growth performance decreases from 1.40:1 to 1.10:1,as pig body weight increases from 11 to 130 kg,whereas the STTD Ca:STTD P ratio to maximizebone ashincreases from 1.70:1 to 2.30:1,as the weight of the pig increases.Results also demonstrated that to optimize growth performance of pigs,less quantities of dietary Ca are needed compared to what is needed to maximize bone ash.It is,therefore,likely that pigs that are destined for the breeding herd have greater requirements for dietary Ca and dietary P than terminal pigs.

关 键 词：钙 消化率 猪 需求 标准总肠道消化率 磷 

分 类 号：S816.15[农业科学—饲料科学]