南海中南部海域鸢乌贼CPUE影响因素的GAM分析  

Factors that influence the catch per unit effort of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the central-southern South China Sea based on a generalized additive model

作　　者：李杰[1] 张鹏[1] 晏磊[1] 王腾 杨炳忠[1] Ll Jie;ZHANG Peng;YAN Lei;WANG Teng;YANG Bingzhong(Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第8期906-915,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2018);农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金项目(LOF 2019-02)。

摘　　要：为更深入了解南海外海鸢乌贼的渔场渔期及单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)变化特征,研究基于广义加性模型(GAM),利用海上实测数据分析了多种因素对南海中南部海域鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)CPUE的影响。研究发现:(1)最佳GAM模型的影响因素包括经纬度、月相、海表温度SST、月份、作业时间与0~50 m温度梯度Δ50,以方差解释率降序排列,前三种因素依次为经纬度、月相、SST;(2)10°~12°N、112°~114°E附近海域鸢乌贼CPUE最高;(3)月黑夜与月光夜间的鸢乌贼CPUE存在显著性差异,月黑夜显著高于月光夜;(4)鸢乌贼渔场的最适SST范围为29.00~29.49℃,此范围内CPUE与渔获量均为最高;(5)不同月份间的鸢乌贼CPUE存在显著性差异,且8、9月的CPUE高于3、4月;(6)鸢乌贼CPUE随作业时间先变大后变小,最大值出现在凌晨1时;(7)Δ50在0.100~0.149℃/m时CPUE最高,0.000~0.049℃/m时渔获量最大。Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is the main fish species obtained from falling-net fishery in the South China Sea.The development and utilization of its resources has a positive significance for safeguarding China’s marine rights in the South China Sea and alleviating the pressure of near-shore fishing.To have a better understanding of the fishing grounds and seasons and catch per unit effort(CPUE)characteristics of S.oualaniensis,the impacts of multiple factors on the CPUE of S.oualaniensis in the central-southern part of the South China Sea were studied based on a generalized additive model and data acquired in the sea.The results showed that(1)the explained variance of optimization model was 63.7%,the determination coefficient was 0.576,and the influencing factors included latitude and longitude(explained variance was 18%),moon phase(16.8%),sea surface temperature(SST)(14.8%),month(3.8%),operation time(5.7%)and vertical temperature gradient of 0-50 m(Δ50)(4.6%).(2)During the investigation,336 operations were conducted,the catch weight was 93.259 t,and the average CPUE was 277.557 kg/net.The CPUE of S.oualaniensis in the sea area near 10°-12°N,112°-114°E was the highest,and the CPUE of September was obviously higher than that of April.This might be related to the Vietnam offshore flow that exists along the eastern coast of Vietnam.(3)The influence curve of moon phase on the CPUE was V-shaped,which decreased first and then increased.There was a significant difference in the CPUE of S.oualaniensis between bright moonlight nights and no-moonlight nights.The CPUE on no-moonlight nights(348.970 kg/net)was significantly higher than that on bright moonlight nights(181.176 kg/net).The reason for the significant difference might be that the effect of the fish lamp for attracting fish was diminished in bright moonlight.(4)The confidence coefficient of the influence curve of SST on the CPUE was higher when SST was 28℃to 30℃.In this range,the influence curve showed a trend of first decreasing,then increasing,and then

关 键 词：鸢乌贼 CPUE 影响因素 GAM 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]