政府转移职能和购买服务提升了社会组织的服务质量吗?——以中国科技社团为例  

Do Government Function Transfer and Government Outsourcing Improve the Quality of Public Services? An Empirical Study on the Practice of Chinese Science Associations

作　　者：游玎怡 李芝兰[2] 王海燕 You Dingyi;Li Linda Chelan;Wang Haiyan(School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100875;Department of Public Policy,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100875 [2]香港城市大学公共政策学系,香港999077

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2020年第7期104-113,共10页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国情境下创新创业活动促进创新驱动发展的有效性评价研究”(编号:18BJY035);中国科协高端科技创新智库青年项目“科技社团发展规律研究”(编号:CXY-ZKQN-2019-058)。

摘　　要：政府职能转移和购买公共服务,是社会领域改革的重要举措;但对于改革是否真正提升了社会组织的公共服务质量存在不同评估。本文通过对175家科技社团的问卷调查,建立结构方程模型,检验并比较两类改革的影响路径和效果。研究发现,通过"资源效应"和"解释效应",改革在总体上提升了公共服务的供给质量,且购买服务的效果更好。但改革同时出现"内卷化效应",政府对社会组织的管制有加强的现象,对服务质量产生不利影响。改革中"制度不足"与"管制过度"并存的问题突出。本文提出,应当以政府购买公共服务为抓手,在实践中继续明晰政府职能边界,注重配套制度,避免在改革中"单刀突进"。同时,建立社会组织参与公共服务的"负面清单"制度,提升社会组织能动性。The transfer of government functions and contracting out service delivery are parts of the reforms to delegate power,streamline administration and optimize government services,as well as measures to foster the development of the social sectors.However,there have been few empirical studies assessing systematically the impact of the reforms on quality of public services,and the pathways through which the impacts are affected.This paper examines the case of the Chinese science association,employing data acquired through a survey of 175 national-level associations and a path analysis model purposely built for data analysis.We find that the reforms have improved the quality of public services through‘resource effects’and‘interpretive effects’,despite the existence of negative‘involution effects’exerted by an increase of government intervention during the reforms.A combination of‘insufficient regulations and over intervention’continues to burden social organizations and impose negative impacts on the quality of public service delivery.Government outsourcing as a reform measure likely offers a direction for further changes,like a negative list,to foster the initiative of the social sectors.

关 键 词：政府职能转移 政府购买服务 公共服务 社会组织 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]