100米跑突破10秒运动员身体形态及竞技年龄变化趋势  

Changing Trend of Body Shape and Competitive Age of Athletes Who Broke 10-second Barrier

作　　者：孙民康 龚丽景 SUN Minkang;GONG Lijing(China Institute of Sport and Health Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学中国运动与健康研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《四川体育科学》2020年第5期40-45,共6页Sichuan Sports Science

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFC2000601)。

摘　　要：研究100m跑突破10s运动员身体形态及竞技年龄变化趋势,为顶尖100m运动员选材及制定多年训练计划提供智力支持。运用文献资料研究、数理统计等方法,对100m突破10s运动员首次身高、体重、突破年龄、创造最好成绩年龄及其与最好成绩关系进行分析。结果发现100m突破10s运动员不存在相对年龄效应,竞技年龄具有突破10s早,出现最好成绩早,跌出顶尖水平(10s以内)晚,顶尖水平保持期长的“两早一晚一长”的新趋势;21世纪开始,身体形态呈“轻型化”趋势;运动员BMI指数逐年代减小,RPI指数逐年代递增;首次突破10s年龄不影响运动员的最好成绩,创造最好成绩年龄及最后一次跑进10s年龄越大,10s以内水平保持期长,运动员100m最好成绩越好。“大龄”运动员出现在顶级100m跑赛场将越来越常见。This study is to provide intellectual support for the selection of top 100-meter athletes and the formulation of multi-year training plans from studying the chang trend of body shape and competitive age of 100-meter athletes who broke through 10 seconds.The relationship among first height,weight,breakthrough age,age of creating the best performance and the best performance of athletes who broke through 10 seconds in 100 meters were analyzed by literature review and mathematical statistics.The result showed that the athletes who broke through 10 seconds in 100 meters did’t exist relative age effect and the best competitive age had a new trend of breaking through 10 seconds early,achieving the best performance early,falling out of the top level late,and maintaining the top level for a long period of time.The trend of body size became lighter from the 21th century.The BMI index of athletes decreased year by year,while the RPI index increased year by year.The age of breaking through 10 seconds for the first time did’t affect athletes'best performance,what’s more,the older of creating the best performance and the last run in 10 seconds,the longer the horizon remains within 10 seconds,and the better the performance.It will be more and more common for“older”athletes appear in the top 100-meter race field.

关 键 词：100M跑 10s屏障 身体形态 竞技年龄 

分 类 号：G804.5[文化科学—运动人体科学]