铵盐体系废铅膏固相电解还原直接制备金属铅的实验研究  

The study of direct preparation of lead from waste lead paste by solid-phase electroreduction in ammonium electrolyte system

作　　者：贺山明[1] 吴鑫 杜鹏 梁勇[1] 汪诗琪 HE Shanming;Wu XIN;DU Peng;LIANG Yong;WANG Shiqi(Faculty of Metallurgical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou JiangXi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学冶金工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《蓄电池》2020年第4期151-155,共5页Chinese LABAT Man

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51704133);校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(DC2018-015);江西理工大学清江青年英才支持计划(JXUSTQJBJ2017004)。

摘　　要：采用废铅膏固相电解还原技术,以(NH4)2SO4—NH3·H2O缓冲溶液作为电解液,让废铅膏中含铅化合物(PbSO4、PbO2、PbO等)在阴极上得电子而析出金属铅。重点考察电解液质量浓度、电流密度、电解温度、极距等工艺参数对电解技术指标的影响。获得的最优工艺条件如下:电解液为含175 g/L(NH4)2SO4和10 g/L NH3·H2O的缓冲溶液;电解时间为90 min;电流密度为300 A/m2,极距为6 cm,电解液温度为45℃。该工艺条件下获得金属铅的纯度为99.89%,阴极电流效率高达91.68%,生产1 t铅的平均电耗为493.89 kWh,平均氨耗量(以NH4+计)为57.82 kg。In this paper,lead metal was directly prepared by solid-phase electrolytic reduction of waste lead paste.The(NH4)2SO4—NH3·H2O buffer solution was used as electrolyte and two stainless steel plates parallel to each other are used as cathode and anode.Lead-containing compounds(PbSO4,PbO2,PbO,etc.)in waste lead paste can obtain electrons on the cathode and precipitate metal lead when are connected to direct current.The effects of electrolyte concentration,current density,electrolysis temperature and electrode distance on the technical indexes of electrolysis were studied.The optimum process conditions are as follows:the 175 g/L(NH4)2SO4 and 10 g/L NH3·H2O of buffer solution,90 min of electrolysis time,300 A/m2 of current density,6 cm of polar distance and 45℃of electrolyte temperature.The purity of lead metal is 99.89%.The cathode current efficiency is 91.68%.The average power consumption of producing 1 t lead is 493.89 kWh,and the average ammonia consumption(calculated as NH4+)is 57.82 kg.

关 键 词：废铅酸蓄电池 固相电解还原 (NH4)2SO4 NH3·H2O 缓冲溶液 废铅膏 电解 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]