秸秆还田对东北半干旱区玉米‖花生轮作系统土壤水热特性及作物产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Hydro-thermal Properties and Crop Yield of Maize‖Peanut Rotation System in Semi-arid Area of Northeast China

作　　者：姚凡云[1] 曹玉军[1] 王虹霏 吕艳杰[1] 刘志铭[1] 魏雯雯[1] 岳玉兰[1] 王永军[1] YAO Fan-yun;CAO Yu-jun;WANG Hong-fei;Lü Yan-jie;LIU Zhi-ming;WEI Wen-wen;YUE Yu-lan;WANG Yong-jun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize,Changchun 130033;Faculty of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 13011,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/玉米国家工程实验室,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《玉米科学》2020年第4期86-95,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300103,2017YFD0300603,2017YFD0300303);中国农业科技东北创新中心博士后基金项目(C6215000209,C7208000109)。

摘　　要：以东北半干旱区玉米‖花生轮作系统为研究对象,试验设传统玉米单作、花生单作、不同秸秆还田量下(30%、60%和100%)玉米‖花生轮作5个处理。通过连续3年田间定位试验,研究玉米秸秆不同还田量对农田土壤水热特性、产量及土地当量比(LER)的影响。结果表明,与传统单作相比,秸秆还田处理玉米区播前0~40 cm土壤平均含水量提高了1.9%~3.9%,花生区提高了11.0%~13.9%;成熟期,秸秆还田花生区0:00~8:00平均地温比传统单作提高了0.2℃~1.1℃,10:00~22:00平均地温较传统单作降低了0.5℃~1.0℃。2016年和2017年玉米‖花生轮作系统LER为1.05~1.16,2018年各处理LER均小于1。吉林半干旱区玉米‖花生轮作系统进行秸秆还田改善了作物播前的土壤水分状况,但对于作物产量的影响在不同年份有所差异。Under the background of maize/peanut strip rotation system in semi-arid region of Jilin province,the effects of and different amount of maize straw returning(30%,60%,and 100%)on hydro-thermal condition,yield and land equivalent ratio(LER)were studied.The experiment was carried out in 2016-2018.Five treatments were set up,including sole peanut,sole maize and different straw returning treatments in the maize-peanut strip rotation system.The results showed that compared with the traditional monoculture,the average soil water content of 0-40 cm of the straw returning region in peanut treatment increased by 11.0%-13.9%before sowing,and the maize region increased by 1.9%-3.9%.At the maturity stage,the average soil temperature of the straw returning area from 0:00-8:00 was 0.2℃-1.1℃higher than that of the traditional peanut monoculture,but 0.5℃-1.0℃lower than that of the traditional peanut monoculture at 10:00-22:00.In 2016 and 2017,LER of the maize‖peanut rotation system was1.05-1.16,and the LER of each treatment was less than that in 2018.Maize intercropping peanut conservation tillage in the semi-arid area of Jilin improved the soil moisture status before crop sowing,but the impact on crop yield varied in different years.

关 键 词：玉米‖花生轮作 秸秆还田 土壤含水量 温度 产量 土地当量比 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]