广西原产和引种荔枝种质资源的遗传多样性分析及核心种质构建  

Genetic diversity and construction of core collections of litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)germplasm originated and introduced in Guangxi

作　　者：李冬波[1] 徐宁[1] 秦献泉[1] 李鸿莉[1] 侯延杰[1] 邱宏业 张树伟[1] 朱建华[1] 彭宏祥[1] LI Dong-bo;XU Ning;QIN Xian-quan;LI Hong-li;HOU Yan-jie;QIU Hong-ye;ZHANG Shu-wei;ZHU Jian-hua;PENG Hong-xiang(Horticulture Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/South Asian Tropical Fruit Tree Scientific Observation Station(Nanning),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所/农业农村部南宁南亚热带果树科学观测实验站,南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第7期1537-1544,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-03);广西自然科学基金项目(2016GXNSFAA380128);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2015YT50,桂农科2016ZX06)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用SSR分子标记对广西荔枝种质资源进行遗传多样性分析并构建核心种质,为广西荔枝种质资源的保存、遗传改良及创新利用提供理论依据。【方法】以广西原产和引种的88份荔枝种质资源为研究对象,利用40对SSR引物对其进行遗传多样性和聚类分析,在此基础上按原始群体50.00%、25.00%和12.50%的取样比例,采用逐步聚类法优先选择性状优良材料的原则构建广西荔枝核心种质。【结果】40对SSR引物从88份荔枝种质资源中共扩增出282条清晰的条带,每对引物扩增条带数2~13条,平均7.05条,其中,多态性条带182条,每对引物扩增的多态性条带数1~13条,平均4.55条,每对引物扩增条带的多态性比率为14.29%~100.00%,平均64.54%。88份荔枝种质资源的遗传相似系数为0.83~0.96,说明其遗传多样性较低;在遗传相似系数0.86处,88份荔枝种质资源可分为七大类群,第Ⅰ~Ⅶ类群分别包含3、12、6、6、1、2和58份种质,其中第Ⅰ类群均为龙荔种质资源,第Ⅱ类群主要为早熟种质,第Ⅳ类群主要为早熟实生种质,表明荔枝种质间的亲缘关系与熟期存在一定的相关性。88份荔枝种质资源在40个SSR位点的平均观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Shannon指数(I)和期望杂合度(He)分别为3.2750、2.1137、0.8092和0.5107。核心种质-1、核心种质-2和核心种质-3的种质资源数量分别为44、22和11份,其中,核心种质-2的Ne、I和He 3个遗传多样性参数均最高,分别为2.1774、0.8452和0.5271;仅核心种质-3的Na与原始群体存在极显著差异(P<0.01),3组核心种质的其余遗传多样性参数与原始群体无显著差异(P>0.05),表明核心种质-1和核心种质-2均能充分代表原始群体的遗传多样性,根据核心种质构建的原则,最终选择核心种质-2作为广西荔枝核心种质。【结论】SSR分子标记是一种适用于荔枝资源遗传多样性分析和核心种质构建的理想分【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for the preservation,genetic improvement and innovative utilization of litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),the SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and construction of core collections of litchi in Guangxi.【Method】In this study,88 litchi germplasm resources originated and introduced in Guangxi were used as materials and 40 pairs of SSR primer combinations were used to study the genetic diversity and cluster analysis. On the basis of this,the stepwise clustering and traits preferred sampling strategy were used to construct core collections of litchi in Guangxi according to the sampling rates 50.00%,25.00% and 12.50% of the original germplasm resources.【Result】The results showed that,a total of 282 clear bands were amplified from 88 litchi germplasm resources by 40 pairs of SSR primers and the bands per pair of primers ranged from 2 to 13 with the mean value of 7.05,and among them 182 bands were polymorphism. The number of polymorphic bands amplified by each pair of primers was 1-13,with the mean value of 4.55. The polymorphism rate of amplified bands per pair of primers was 14.29%-100.00%,with the mean value of 64.54%. Genetic similarities among all germplasm resources ranged from 0.83 to 0.96,which indicated a relatively low genetic diversity.The result of system cluster analysis showed that 88 litchi germplasm resources were divided into 7 groups at 0.86 of the similarities. Groups Ⅰ to Ⅶ contained 3,12,6,6,1,2 and 58 germplasm resources,respectively. Germplasm resources in group Ⅰ were all Dimocarpus confinis resources,germplasm resources in group Ⅱ were mainly early maturing resources,germplasm resources in group Ⅳ were mainly early maturing seedlings. The clustering results showed that there was a certain correlation between the genetic relationship and maturity of litchi.The average observed number of alleles(Na),the average effective number of alleles(Ne),the average Shannon’s information index(I)and the expect

关 键 词：荔枝 SSR分子标记 遗传多样性 遗传相似系数 核心种质 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S667.102.4[农业科学—果树学]