利用滑石粉作为甜玉米花粉增量剂的贮藏技术分析及应用  

Analysis and application of storage technology using talcum powder as increment agent for sweet corn pollen

作　　者：龙誉铭 夏州藩 赵竑博 LONG Yu-ming;XIA Zhou-fan;ZHAO Hong-bo(Collage of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangxi Gold Card Agriculture Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642 [2]广西金卡农业科技有限公司,南宁530001

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第7期1669-1676,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-G-49);广东高校国际科技合作创新平台项目(GJHZ1140)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用滑石粉作为增量剂稀释甜玉米花粉,对比离体花粉在不同稀释比例、不同温度和不同贮藏时间条件下的储藏效果,为提高玉米育种和制种产量及降低减产风险提供参考依据。【方法】以金卡HM608甜玉米的父本花粉为试验材料,用滑石粉作为玉米花粉的增量剂,共设3个(按质量分数)增量剂填充处理(10%、30%、100%),4个时间处理(1、3、5和7 d),5个温度处理(-5、5、10、15和25℃),以不添加增量剂的花粉作为对照,结合田间测定法及氯化三苯基四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色法,探讨在不同增量剂比例、不同处理温度及处理时间下离体甜玉米花粉的TIC染色率和田间结实率。【结果】当处理温度为-5、5和10℃时,贮藏1 d的花粉田间结实率在82.26%以上;贮藏5 d后,无增量剂花粉的TTC染色率及田间结实率显著下降,平均为25.24%和13.68%;添加10%和30%增量剂的花粉,贮藏5 d仍然有61.22%以上的田间结实率;当增量剂比例在100%且贮藏为5 d时,田间平均结实率为7.19%,当处理温度为15和25℃时,田间结实率为0,反映出增量剂比例和温度过高均不利于花粉的保存,增量剂越多或持续时间越长对花粉活力伤害越大。不同增量剂填充处理的花粉活性及田间结实率均随着处理温度上升和贮藏时间延长而降低。【结论】保存温度在-5~10℃,添加10%和30%滑石粉作为甜玉米花粉增量剂能有效延长花粉生活力,该贮藏技术操作简单易行,对于指导授粉工作、减少制种风险、提高制种产量具有现实意义。【Objective】Using talcum powder as increment agent to dilute sweet corn pollen,the storage effect of in vitro pollen under different dilution ratios,different temperatures and different storage times was compared,which provided reference for improving maize breeding and seed production yield and reducing the risk of reduction.【Method】With Gold Card HM608 male parent of maize pollen as research materials,taking talcum powder as the increment agent of corn pollen,set up three(by mass fraction)incremental doses of filling processing(10%,30%and 100%),four duration of treatments(1,3,5 and 7 d)and five different processing temperatures(-5,5,10,15 and 25℃).The pollen without adding increment agent was set as the control.Field assay and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining were both used to investigate the TTC staining rate and seed setting rate of sweet corn pollen in vitro at different proportional increment agents,treatment temperatures and treatment times.【Result】When the storage temperature was-5,5 and 10℃,the field seed setting rate of pollen stored for 1 d was above 82.26%.After 5 d of storage,the TTC staining rate and field setting rate of pollens without increment decreased significantly,averaging 25.24%and 13.68%.After adding 10%and 30%increment to pollen,the field setting rate was still over 61.22%after 5 d storage.When the proportion of increment agent was 100%and the storage time was 5 d,the average field setting rate was 7.19%;when the storage temperature was 15 and 25℃,the field setting rate was 0,reflecting that both the proportion of increment agent and the temperature were too high,and the more increment agent or the longer the duration,the greater the harm to pollen viability.Under different increment agent treatments,the pollen activity and field setting rate decreased with the increase of treatment temperature and storage time.【Conclusion】According to the comprehensive analysis,the storage temperature of-5-10℃,and the addition of 10%or 30%talcum powder as sweet corn

关 键 词：甜玉米 花粉活力 滑石粉 增量剂 贮藏技术 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]