海南雪茄烟叶不同育苗方式育苗效果分析  

Effects of different seedling styles on seedling of cigar leaf in Hainan

作　　者：高华军 林北森 马兴华[2] 蔡斌 贺远 耿召良 向小华 刘好宝 GAO Hua-jun;LIN Bei-sen;MAXing-hua;CAI Bin;HE Yuan;GENG Zhao-liang;XIANG Xiao-hua;LIU Hao-bao(Haikou Cigar Research Institute,Hainan Provincial Branch,China National Tobacco Corporation,Haikou 571100,China;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao,Shandong 266101,China;College of Tobacco Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国烟草总公司海南省公司海口雪茄研究所,海口571100 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101 [3]郑州轻工业大学烟草科学与工程学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第7期1677-1683,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大专项[110201901010(XX—10)];中国烟草总公司海南省公司重点科技项目(201746000024055);五指山市生态科技特派员项目(2019—2020)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适宜海南雪茄烟叶的集约化育苗方式,为海南雪茄烟培育壮苗及提高烟叶生产水平提供科学依据。【方法】以外引雪茄外包皮烟叶种子为材料开展育苗试验,对比常规育苗(对照)、湿润育苗和漂浮育苗3种育苗方式对雪茄烟苗生长的影响,并分析不同育苗方式的育苗成本。【结果】采取湿润育苗和漂浮育苗均能促进雪茄烟苗生长,烟苗农艺性状、叶片SPAD值优于常规育苗,其中湿润育苗叶片SPAD值显著高于常规育苗3.00%(P<0.05,下同)。漂浮育苗处理烟苗的根、茎、叶及全株鲜质量和鲜干比总体较高,其全株鲜质量高于常规育苗102.79%,差异达显著水平;湿润育苗处理烟苗的根、叶、全株干质量及根冠比值最高,其根冠比值与常规育苗间差异不显著(P>0.05),但其全株干质量显著高于常规育苗38.46%,且其烟苗的壮苗指数(0.060 g/株)显著高于其他育苗方式处理,较常规育苗和漂浮育苗分别提高50.00%和57.89%,主要育苗投入成本(1131.45元/ha)特别是人工假植成本(312.45元/ha)明显低于常规育苗(1494.00和750.00元/ha)。湿润育苗和漂浮育苗分别较常规育苗节省成本24.27%和19.06%。【结论】湿润育苗能促进雪茄烟苗生长,提高烟苗壮苗指数和根冠比,降低育苗成本,是适合海南雪茄种植区春季育苗的集约化育苗方式。【Objective】To provide scientific basis for cultivating strong seedlings and improving cigar production level in Hainan cigar planting area,the intensive seedling styles suitable for Hainan cigar planting was selected.【Method】Using cigar wrapper tobacco seed as material,a field experiment with three seedling styles treatments(seedling in tray as control,seedling on moist tray,seedling with float system)was conducted to study the effect of three seedling styles on seedling growth and analyzed seedling cost of cigar tobacco.【Result】The application of seedling on moist tray and seedling with float system could promote the growth of cigar seedlings,agronomic traits and the leaf SPAD value were better than seedling in tray.The leaf SPAD value of moist seedling was significantly higher than that of seedling in tray by 3.00%(P<0.05,the same below).The fresh weight of root,stalk,leaf and the whole plant,and the ratio of fresh to dry of seedling with float system were generally high,and the fresh weight of the whole plant was significantly higher than that of seedling in tray by 102.79%.The dry weight of root,leaf,the whole plant and the root-shoot ratio of seedling on moist tray was the highest,and the root-shoot ratio was not significantly different from that of seedling in tray(P>0.05),but the dry weight of the whole plant was significantly higher than that of seedling in tray by 38.46%.The strong seedling index of seedling on moist tray was 0.060 g/plant,which was 50.00%higher than seedling in tray and 57.89%higher than seedling with float system.The main cost of seedling on moist tray(1131.45 yuan/ha),especially the cost of artificial planting(312.45 yuan/ha),was lower than that of seedling in tray(1494.00 and 750.00 yuan/ha respectively),and the cost savings were 24.27%and 19.06%respectively.【Conclusion】The seedling on moist tray can promote the growth of cigar seedling,improve the strong seedling index and root-shoot ratio,and reduce the seedling cost.Therefore,seedling on moist tray is a better way

关 键 词：雪茄 育苗方式 漂浮育苗 湿润育苗 海南 

分 类 号：S572.043[农业科学—烟草工业]