上博简《容成氏》辨析四题  

Discrimination of Four Questions about Rong Cheng Shi on the Bamboo Slips in Shanghai Museum

作　　者：马文增[1] MA Wenzeng(Institute of Philosophy,Beijing Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院哲学所,北京100101

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2020年第5期84-89,共6页Journal of Hengshui University

摘　　要：上博简《容成氏》证明了禅让制的存在。具体来说,“禅”与“让”分别有不同的主体,禅让制的关键是考察继任者贤良与否。第34简简文“启于是乎攻益自取”应读作“启于是乎攻(功),益自取(趋)”,历史上不存在启攻益而夺取天下之事。第45至第48简记载的“文王服九邦”之事,证明文王之“以仁服人”确为史实。孔子“观周”时曾见过《容成氏》原文,传世文献《礼记·礼运》的首章即是孔子对《容成氏》的概括;《容成氏》乃以史资政之作,其作者是老聃。另外,《礼记·礼运》首章存在错简问题,须据文意对简序加以调整。Rong Cheng Shi on the bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum proves the existence of abdication system.Specifically,“Chan”and“Rang”have different subjects,and the key of abdication system is to examine whether the successor is virtuous or not.“Qi yu shi hu gong(攻)Yi zi qu(取)”(Qi is Xia Qi,an emperor of Xia Dynasty in ancient China;Yi is Bo Yi,before?-1973 BC)appeared in the 34th bamboo slips should be“Qi yu shi hu gong(功),Yi zi qu(趋)”,but in history,there was no such thing as Xia Qi attacking Bo Yi and seizing the world.The fact that“King Wen subdued nine states”recorded in the slips from 45 to 48 proved that King Wen’s“serving people with benevolence”was indeed a historical fact.Confucius had seen the original text of Rong Cheng Shi when he was“observing the Zhou Dynasty”,and the first chapter of the book of Li Ji Li Yun was Confucius’s summary of Rong Cheng Shi,which was written on the basis of history and whose author was Lao Dan.Besides,there are some errors in the aspect of order of the slips in the first chapter of Li Ji Li Yun,which should be adjusted according to the meaning of the text.

关 键 词：上博简 《容成氏》 禅让制 夏启 文王 《礼记·礼运》 孔子 老聃 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]