大众滑雪运动伤害影响因素ISM模型的构建——基于Haddon矩阵  

Construction of Interpretative Structural Model of Influencing Factors for Mass Skiing Injury:Based on Haddon Matrix

作　　者：张淼 于淑坤 张立岩[3] 姜博[1] 韩梅[3] ZHANG Miao;YU Shukun;ZHANG Liyan;JIANG Bo;HAN Mei(School of Nursing,Beihua University,Jilin 132013,Jilin,China;Department of Nursing,Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University,Jilin 132011,Jilin,China;Orthopaedics 1,Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University,Jilin 132011,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]北华大学护理学院,吉林吉林132013 [2]北华大学附属医院护理部,吉林吉林132011 [3]北华大学附属医院骨科一区,吉林吉林132011

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2020年第5期83-91,共9页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：2019年吉林市科局项目“吉林地区群众冰雪运动损伤临床特点及损伤控制的相关性研究”(20190403193)。

摘　　要：利用Haddon矩阵分析大众滑雪运动伤害影响因素,编制影响因素问卷并检验信效度。调查结果使用因子分析法共提取19个公因子。分析公因子,确定其二元逻辑关系,建立邻接矩阵,计算可达矩阵与层级关系,最终绘制大众滑雪运动伤害影响因素ISM模型。研究结果表明:1)ISM模型拟合度良好,能够科学解释大众滑雪运动伤害发生的作用机理;2)模型所划分的5个层级间的相互作用,系统解释了滑雪运动伤害发生的深层根本因素、中间层间接因素、表层直接因素;3)滑雪者的滑雪行为、滑雪环境为间接因素中2个关键环节,具有反馈效应放大作用,是制定滑雪安全策略的出发点与落脚点。In this paper,Haddon matrix was used to analyze the influencing factors of mass skiing injury.The questionnaire of influencing factors was designed and the reliability and validity were tested.The results were analyzed by factor analysis.A total of 19 common factors were extracted.This paper analyses the common factors,determines its binary logical relationship,constructs the adjacency matrix,generates the reachable matrix and hierarchical relationship,and finally draws the interpretative structural model of the influencing factors of mass skiing injury.The results show that:1) ISM model has a good fit,which can scientifically explain the mechanism of mass skiing injury;2) The interaction among the five levels of the model systematically explains the deep root factors,the middle indirect factors and the surface direct factors;3) The skiing behavior and environment of skiers are the two key links of indirect factors,which have the function of amplifying the feedback effect.They are the starting point and the foothold of making skiing safety strategies.

关 键 词：大众滑雪 运动伤害 影响因素 ISM模型 Haddon矩阵 

分 类 号：G863.1[文化科学—体育训练]