奇异印度的生成——以20世纪上半叶中国报刊印度题材书写为中心的考察  

The Creation of Bizarre India:an Investigation of Writings about India in Chinese Newspapers in the First Half of the 20th Century

作　　者：王春景[1] WANG Chunjing

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学文学院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2020年第4期94-107,156,共15页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：20世纪上半叶,中国对印度的描述突出了印度历史、宗教、习俗及社会生活等方面与中国的巨大差异,印度被表现为“奇异”的国度。大量的报刊文章不断重塑“奇异的印度”的形象,并使之根深蒂固,成为很长时间里中国对印度的集体想象。对奇异印度的描述包括奇异的自然风物、风俗习惯和宗教信仰,以及奇幻的艺术与民间技艺等。这些文字共同营造了一个神奇、古怪、难以理解的印度形象,“奇异的印度”成为中国人认识印度的一个套话。这一套话的形成有以下原因:1.二元对立的认识框架。作者们把印度与中国甚至于印度与文明世界置于对立的两极,对印度奇异的描述就是在确证这一对立关系的成立,印度被置于“奇异、非理性、落后、野蛮”的一端。2.混淆了自然现象与文化特征。在描述印度形象时,自然风物方面的奇异姿态经常被解释为文化上的奇异。3.中印之间的陌生导致中国以西方为中介描述和认识印度。经西方转述的“印度”形象,也使印度成为一个特殊的他者,并影响了民国时期中国人对印度的看法。“奇异的印度”的内涵与19世纪以来西方的印度形象如出一辙,表现出西方知识对中国人的影响。在中国的印度形象建构中,如何避免东方主义的影响,重视印度这个中国的“同一性他者”在自我建构过程中的意义和价值,值得我们思考。In the first half of the 20th century,China’s description of India highlighted the great differences between India and China in terms of history,religion,custom and social life,and India was presented as a“strange”country.A flood of newspaper articles reshaped and perpetuated the image of a“Bizarre India”that had long been China’s collective imagination of India.Descriptions of exotic India include exotic natural features,exotic customs and religious beliefs,as well as fantastical art and folk skills.Together,these writings created a magical,eccentric and incomprehensible image of India.“Bizarre India”became a standard notion for Chinese people to understand India.The formation of the notion“Bizarre India”has the following reasons:firstly,the cognitive framework of binary opposition.The authors put India and China,and even India and the civilized world,on opposite poles.The strange description of India confirms the establishment of this opposite relationship,and India is placed at the end of“strange,irrational,backward and barbaric”.Secondly,confusing natural phenomena with cultural characteristics.When describing the image of India,the peculiarity of natural scenery is often interpreted as the peculiarity of culture.Thirdly,the strangeness between China and India leads China to describe and understand India through the intermediary of the west.The image of India,as reported by the west,also made India a special other and influenced the Chinese people’s view of India during the Republican period.The connotation of“Bizarre India”is the same as the western image of India since the 19th century,which shows the influence of western knowledge on Chinese people.In the image construction of India in China,how to avoid the influence of Orientalism and emphasize the significance and value of India as China’s“homogeneous other”in the process of self-construction is worthy of our consideration.

关 键 词：印度题材 奇异的印度 印度形象 东方主义 同一性他者 

分 类 号：G219.29[文化科学—新闻学]