中国企业出口行为特征研究  

The Export Behavior Characteristics of China’s Enterprises

作　　者：张坤[1] 刘璐[2] ZHANG Kun;LIU Lu

机构地区：[1]吉林大学中国国有经济研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]中国人民银行长春中心支行,吉林长春130051

出　　处：《吉林金融研究》2020年第7期15-21,共7页Journal of Jilin Financial Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“全球经济失衡的调整机制及其对中国经济的影响研究(17CGJ028)”资助。

摘　　要：自Melitz(2003)以企业异质性为假设发展出新-新贸易理论以来,国内外学术界对企业出口行为与企业生产率水平之间关系的研究日渐丰富,主要围绕以下两个问题进行研究,即:什么样的企业会选择出口?出口会对企业产生什么样的绩效影响?本文梳理国内外相关研究结论发现,中国制造业企业的出口行为与其生产率之间的双向因果关系均与其他国家的不一致,出现了相悖的现象,中国制造业企业不仅存在"出口-生产率"悖论即"自我选择悖论",还存在"出口中学习"悖论。本文得出以下结论:中国制造业企业出口"自我选择悖论"是否存在结果不稳定,TFP估算方法和模型的企业贸易状态对这一结果会有影响;中国制造业企业不存在"出口中学习"悖论,即企业出口行为能够产生"出口中学习"效应,这一结果比较稳定,且TFP估算方法和模型的企业贸易状态对这一效应的大小有影响;同时,中国制造业企业表现出"出口中学习"边际效应递减特征。Since Melitz(2003)developed the new-new trade theory based on the hypothesis of enterprise heterogeneity,there has been a great deal of research on the relationship between enterprise export behavior and productivity both at home and abroad.What kind of enterprises will choose to export?What kind of performance will the export bring to the enterprises?This paper compares the domestic and foreign research findings and finds that the two-way causal relationship between the export behavior of Chinese manufacturing enterprises and their productivity is inconsistent with that of other countries,which is contrary to the phenomenon.Chinese manufacturing enterprises not only have the"export-productivity"paradox,that is,the"self-choice paradox",but also have the"learning by exporting paradox".On this basis,this paper uses the data of China's industrial enterprises from 2000 to 2007 to test this issue again.Finally,this paper draws the following conclusions:whether the"self-choice paradox"exists in Chinese manufacturing enterprises is unstable,the trade status and TFP estimation method will infl uence this result;there is no"learning by exporting paradox"in Chinese manufacturing enterprises,that is,the export behavior of enterprises can produce"learning by exporting"effect.The"learning by exporting"effect is relatively stable,the trade status and the TFP estimation method has an impact on the size of this effect.At the same time,Chinese manufacturing enterprises show a decreasing marginal effect of"learning by exporting".

关 键 词：自我选择 “出口-生产率”悖论 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F830[经济管理—金融学]