一膜两年覆盖对河套灌区盐碱土水盐分布和食葵生长的影响  

The Effects of Non-tillage Coupled with Mulching Plastic Film Reuse on Soil Water and Salt Dynamics and Sunflower Growth in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：卢闯[1,2] 靳存旺 李二珍 杨柳青 李建忠 王婧 逄焕成[1] 李玉义[1] LU Chuang;JIN Cunwang;LI Erzhen;YANG Liuqing;LI Jianzhong;WANG Jing;PANG Huancheng;LI Yuyi(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension and Service Center of Wuyuan Country,Wuyuan 015100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]北京农业信息技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]五原县农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古五原015100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第8期18-25,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000692,31871584);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501302)。

摘　　要：【目的】为内蒙古河套灌区盐碱地一膜两年覆盖技术应用提供依据。【方法】在河套灌区中度盐渍化农田研究了传统的秋季翻耕春季覆新膜(CT)、秋季留膜免耕(NT)2种耕作覆膜方法对土壤水盐分布、土壤温度和食葵生长的影响,并对其经济效益进行评价。【结果】春播前,NT处理农田0~80 cm土层含水率显著提高,1 m土体贮水量较CT处理显著提高9.91%,NT处理0~100 cm各层土壤含盐量均显著低于CT处理,总储盐量降低35.86%;收获后CT、NT处理贮水量无显著差异,NT处理储盐量较CT处理显著降低42.07%。NT处理在苗期和蕾期降低了地膜增温效果,06:00时5 cm土层平均温度较CT处理低0.9℃,14:00时较CT处理低1.5℃。NT处理食葵蕾期长势较弱,株高、地下干物质量分别较CT显著降低23.81%、23.61%,在进入盛花期后,NT处理食葵生长加速,地上、地下干物质积累速率分别较CT处理提高23.50%、26.59%,一膜两年覆盖对食葵籽粒产量无显著影响,CT、NT处理产投比分别为3.07、4.53。【结论】一膜两年覆盖具有一定的生态效益和经济效益,是适于河套灌区盐碱地的节本增效型农田管理技术。【Background】Soil salinization is a major cause of agriculture productivity reduction in Hetao Irrigation District.Plastic film mulching has proven effective in ameliorating salt accumulation at soil surface and has been widely used.However,extensive use of plastic film could result in plastic pollution,and changing farming practices to reduce plastic film use is essential to keeping agricultural production in this region sustainable.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study on the impact of non-tillage coupled with mulching plastic film reuse on water and salt dynamics in saline soil in Hetao irrigation district.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a sunflower field and consisted of two treatments:One was conventional tillage in autumn coupled with new plastic film mulching next spring(CT),and the other one was non-tillage with the mulching film in previous year reused(NT).For each treatment,we measured water and salt changes in soil,soil temperature,plant growth,and economic return.【Result】Compared with CT,NT increased water content in the 0~100 cm soil layer by 9.91%and reduced salt content in the 0~100 cm soil by 35.86%prior to spring sowing.While no significant difference in soil water storage was found between the two treatments after harvest,NT reduced soil salt content by 35.86%.NT also significantly offset the warming effect at the bud and flowering stages due to the increased soil water,with the mean soil temperature reduced by 0.9℃at 6.00am and 1.5℃at 14 pm,compared with CT.As plant grew,the difference in temperature at 14 pm between the two treatments narrowed.The crop grew slowly at bud stage under NT,with plant height and root biomass reduced by 23.81%and 23.61%,respectively,compared with CT,but crop growth picked up at flowering stage.From flowering stage to mature,the accumulating rate of the above-and below-ground biomasses under NT increased by 23.50%and 26.59%respectively compared to CT,with the yield almost unchanged despite the plastic film

关 键 词：一膜两年覆盖 盐碱地 土壤水盐分布 食葵 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]