SWAP模型模拟暗管排水条件下土壤水盐运移  

Simulating Water Flow and Salt Transport in Soil under the Impact of Subsurface Drains Using the SWAP Model

作　　者：庄旭东 冯绍元[1] 于昊 袁成福[1] 钱争 ZHUANG Xudong;FENG Shaoyuan;YU Hao;YUAN Chengfu;QIAN Zheng(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第8期93-101,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC403301)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究内蒙古河套灌区暗管排水条件下作物根系层水分通量和盐分通量变化,寻求适宜当地的农田排水暗管规格。【方法】基于2018年和2019年田间试验观测数据,对SWAP模型进行率定和验证,并利用该模型对不同暗管埋深(1.5、2.0 m)和间距(30、45 m)下的40 cm土壤剖面处水分通量和盐分通量进行数值模拟。【结果】①存在灌水和降雨时,40 cm土壤剖面的水分通量向下,在暗管间距为45 m,埋深为1.5 m时,就2019年整个生育期而言,暗管间距减小15 m,向下的水分通量累积量增加5.2%,暗管埋深增加0.5 m时,向下的水分通量累积量增加83.9%;没有灌水和降雨时,40 cm剖面处的土壤水分通量以向上为主,暗管埋深和间距的变化对向上的水分通量影响不大,向上的水分通量在0~0.14 cm/d之间变动。②土壤盐分通量变化趋势和水分通量一致,在暗管间距为45 m,埋深为1.5 m时,就2019年整个生育期而言,暗管间距减小15 m,向下盐分通量累积量增加5.1%,暗管埋深增加0.5 m时,向下盐分通量累积量增加82.6%,增幅与向下水分通量累积量基本一致,且暗管埋深的变化对向下的盐分通量影响较明显。【结论】合适的暗管布设埋深和间距有助于土壤根系层的排水脱盐,其中暗管埋深对排除土壤盐分的影响更为明显,综合考虑不同暗管布局的排水排盐效果以及对产量的影响,认为当地暗管埋深取2.0 m,暗管间距取45 m较为适宜。【Background】Hetao Irrigation District takes water from the Yellow River for irrigation and is the largest gravity-driven irrigation district in Asia.It is also one of the most important grain production bases in China.Water used in irrigation accounts for about 90%of the total water consumed in the district with its agricultural production relying entirely on irrigation.Due to the double whammy of increased demand for water and dwindling water resources,however,its quota of the Yellow River water has been continuously reduced.This,along with the implementation of water-saving irrigation projects and new subsurface drainage systems,has substantially alerted regional water flow and salt transport in the district.Understanding how subsurface drains affect water flow and salt transport is important to optimize burying depth and spacing of the drains to ensure agricultural production without compromising ecological environment and sustainable economic development of the region.【Objective】The objective of this paper is to numerically elucidate the impact of burying depth and spacing of subsurface drains on soil water and slat dynamics in the district.【Method】We used the SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)model and calibrated and validated it against data measured from 2018 and 2019,including soil water content,soil salinity,crop leaf area index,plant height and soil texture.The calibrated model was used to simulate water and salt fluxes in 0~40 cm soil with the subsurface drains buried at depths of 1.5 m and 2.0 m,spaced from each other at 30 m and 45 m,respectively.【Result】①The calibrated SWAP model was able to reproduce the measured change in soil water and salt.Following irrigation or rainfall,both simulation and measurement showed that water in the 0~40 cm of soil flowed downward.Taking burying depth and spacing at 1.5 m and 45 m respectively as the control during the 2019 growth season,reducing drain spacing by 15 m increased downward water flux by 5.2%,while increasing the burying depth by 0.5 m i

关 键 词：SWAP模型 暗管排水 油葵 土壤水盐动态 

分 类 号：S276.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]