核电厂定量安全目标溯源及其存在问题剖析  

Historical Review of Quantitative Safety Goals for Nuclear Power Plants and the Analysis of Its Existing Problems

作　　者：王不二 汪振 陈超[1] 陈珊琦[1] 戈道川 陈志斌 王芳[1] Wang Buer;Wang Zhen;Chen Chao;Chen Shanqi;Ge Daochuan;Chen Zhibin;Wang Fang(Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Science,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《核安全》2020年第4期45-52,共8页Nuclear Safety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,项目编号:71671179;国家自然科学基金项目,项目编号:51906249;合肥物质科学研究院院长基金项目,项目编号:YZJJ2019QN21。

摘　　要：核电厂定量安全目标的提出是为了回答“多安全才足够安全”的问题,对加深公众对核能的理解以及指导核电安全设计等具有重要意义。基于两个“千分之一”的辅助目标在世界范围内得到了广泛应用,并随着新一代核电厂的提出得到进一步降低。然而,福岛核事故表明,即便满足两个“千分之一”目标,公众仍然无法接受,这让现有定量安全目标的合理性受到质疑,未来即使唯数字论进一步降低概率指标,也可能对恢复公众信心是无益的。为此,本文追溯了核电厂定量安全目标的制订历程,从源头上重点考察了安全目标的制订原则和考虑因素、两个“千分之一”与辅助目标的关系以及安全目标制订过程中的公众参与情况,并指出现有定量安全目标存在的问题,为制订更加合理的核安全目标提供参考。The quantitative safety goals of nuclear power plant is proposed to answer the question of"how safe⁃ty is safety enough",which is of great significance to promote public understanding of nuclear energy and guide the safety design of nuclear power.The auxiliary target based on the two"one in a thousand"targets has been widely used worldwide and has been further reduced with the introduction of a new generation of nuclear power plants.However,the Fukushima nuclear accident showed that even if the"QHOs"are met,the public still cannot accept them,which calls into question the rationality of the existing quantitative safety goals,and even further numerical reduction in the future would not restore public confidence.In this paper,the history of developing nuclear safety goals was reviewed,in which the principles and considerations of safety goals,the re⁃lationship between two"QHOs"and subsidiary objective,and the public participation in the process of setting safety goals were investigated from the origin.Furthermore,the problems of existing quantitative safety objec⁃tives were pointed out.This paper will provide a reference for the more rational nuclear safety goals.

关 键 词：定量安全目标 辅助目标 堆芯损坏频率 大量早期放射性释放频率 

分 类 号：TL364[核科学技术—核技术及应用]