从一家四代看七十年来长治方言的变化  

On Changes of Changzhi Dialect over 70 Years from the Perspective of Four Generations in a Family

作　　者：王利[1] 刘芳[2] WANG Li;LIU Fang(Chinese and Literature Department,Changzhi College,Changzhi Shanxi,046011;School of Literature,Jingzhong College,Jinzhong Shanxi,030619)

机构地区：[1]长治学院中文系,山西长治046011 [2]晋中学院文学院,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《山西大同大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期88-94,共7页Journal of Shanxi Datong University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“山西晋语区'地方普通话'和'新派方言'的调查与研究”(17BYY198);山西省高等学校科学研究优秀成果培育项目(2019SK013);“2018年山西省高等学校优秀青年学术带头人支持计划”;山西省社科联重点研究项目(SSKLZDKT2019140);晋中学院“1331”工程创客团队项目(jzxycktd2017024)。

摘　　要：长治市地处山西省东南部,其方言属于晋语上党片长治小片。建国70年来,长治方言内部发生了显著的变化。从长治一家四代人的语音、词汇和语法来看,1代和2代方言特点一致,3代既保留了1代和2代的特点,又有向普通话靠拢的趋势,4代已成无方言族。方言特点主要体现在:一、语音上,声母中日母经历[Ǿl]-[Ǿ/l/ʐ]-[ʐ]、古蟹摄开口四等泥母平声字由[m]-[m/η.]-[η.]的演变;韵母中果摄合口一等帮组字由[ə]-[o],果摄合口一等溪母去声字由[uə]-[ə],止摄开口三等並母、明母少数字由[i]-[i/ei]-[ei],蟹摄合口一等泥来母字[uei]-[uei/ei]-[ei]演变,咸山摄和宕江摄、深臻摄和曾梗通摄由合流到区分清楚,入声韵由[ɑ?、ə?]-[ə?]-消失。声调体现在去声分阴阳到不分。词汇和语法相对稳定,但也有明显变化。总体来看,长治方言在保留自身演变的同时,逐步向普通话靠拢。The city of Changzhi is located in the southeastern part of Shanxi Province,and the Changzhi dialect belongs to the Shangdang sub-dialect of Jin dialects.In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,significant changes have taken place within the Changzhi dialect.Judging from the phonetics,vocabulary and grammar of the four generations within one Chang⁃zhi family,the characteristics of the 1st and 2nd generation dialects are the same.The 3rd generation retains the characteristics of the 1st and 2nd generations,and has the tendency to move closer to the Mandarin.The 4th generation no longer speak dialect.The charac⁃teristics of the dialect are mainly reflected in:1.its phonetics,the initials of the mother-in-law in the initials[Ǿ/l]-[Ǿ/l/ʐ]-[ʐ],the an⁃cient crabs take the opening of the fourth muddy sound words by[m]-[The evolution of m/ȵ]-[ȵ];the rhyme of the fruit in the first part of the group is composed of[ə]-[o],and the fruit is combined with the first chobe to the sound word by[uə]-[ə]The number of the first three mothers and the first mother is changed by[i]-[i/ei]-[ei],and the crab is combined with the first grade mud[uei]-[uei/ei]-[ei].The Xianshan and Dangjiang,the deep sputum and the stalks were taken from the confluence to the clear distinction,and the phonolo⁃gy disappeared from[ɑʔ,əʔ]-[əʔ]-.The tone is reflected in the difference between yin and yang.Vocabulary and grammar are relative⁃ly stable,but there are also significant changes.In general,Changzhi dialect gradually moves closer to Mandarin while retaining its own evolution.

关 键 词：七十年 晋语 长治方言 一家四代 变化 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]