消极的批判何以成为积极的批判——《反杜林论》中马克思主义哲学的体系建构再考察  

How Negative Critique Become Positive Critique:Restudy on the Systematic Construction of Marxist Philosophy in Anti-Duhring

作　　者：杨洪源[1] YANG Hong-yuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2020年第5期32-39,235,共9页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(19CZX003);中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目(2020YQNQD0072)。

摘　　要：通过批判杜林哲学体系的方式,实现对马克思主义哲学体系的首次完整建构,是《反杜林论》的主要内容之一。恩格斯从揭示杜林哲学体系的先验主义本质出发,批驳其世界模式论的唯心主义实质、用逻辑思维复苏自然哲学的幻想、永恒真理和社会历史原则的虚构以及现实哲学对辩证法的错误排斥。在此基础上,恩格斯不仅阐明了唯物辩证法和唯物史观之于科学社会主义的意义,而且论证了思维与存在的关系、世界的统一性在于它的物质性、世界的可知性原则及其作用、必然王国与自由王国的历史联系、唯物辩证法的基本规律及其方法论意义,将哲学基本问题、存在论、认识论、历史观和辩证法内在地统一起来。恩格斯进而在指导变革社会的现实运动中,有力地证明了马克思的世界观不是教义而是方法。As the main content of Anti-Duhring,Marxist philosophy was constructed completely by critiquing the philosophy system of Duhring.Compared with"silent conspiracy of the bourgeoisie",Duhring’s critique of Das Kaptial became a relatively"good"thing.Nevertheless,its philosophy did great harm to Marxist philosophy.It is for this reason that Engels wrote Anti-Duhring.In this book,he revealed the transcendental nature of philosophy system of Duhring,and then exposed the idealism essence of Duhring’s world model theory.In Engels’s opinion,it was an illusion that Duhring used logical thinking to revive natural philosophy,and so was Duhring’s eternal truth and social history principles.Finally,he came to the conclusion that Duhring’s real philosophy can’t defeat dialectics.On this foundation,Engels expounds the significance of Marxist philosophy and the materialist concept of history to scientific socialism.On top of that,he discussed relations between thoughts and being,proved that the world is unified in its materiality,explained the know ability of the universe and its functions as well as the historical relations between realm of necessity and realm of freedom,and hence unifies the basic issues of philosophy,ontology,epistemology,conception of history and dialectics.In the movement of guiding social change,Anti-Duhring proved that Marx’s concept of the world is not a doctrine,but a method.

关 键 词：《反杜林论》 恩格斯 杜林哲学体系 马克思主义哲学体系 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]